Rockett John C, Buck Germaine M, Lynch Courtney D, Perreault Sally D
Reproductive Toxicology Division, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2004 Jan;112(1):94-104. doi: 10.1289/ehp.6264.
Detection, quantification, and prognosis of environmental exposures in humans has been vastly enhanced by the ability of epidemiologists to collect biospecimens for toxicologic or other laboratory evaluation. Ease of collection and level of invasiveness are commonly cited reasons why study participants fail to provide biospecimens for research purposes. The use of methodologies for the collection of biospecimens in the home offers promise for improving the validity of health effects linked to environmental exposures while maximizing the number and type of specimens capable of being collected in a timely and cost-effective manner. In this review we examine biospecimens (urine and blood) that have been successfully collected from the home environment. Related issues such as storage and transportation will also be examined as well as promising new approaches for collecting less frequently studied biospecimens (including hair follicles, breast milk, semen, and others). Such biospecimens are useful in the monitoring of reproductive development and function.
流行病学家收集生物样本进行毒理学或其他实验室评估的能力，极大地增强了对人类环境暴露的检测、量化和预后评估。采集的便捷性和侵入性程度是研究参与者未能提供用于研究目的生物样本的常见原因。在家中使用生物样本采集方法有望提高与环境暴露相关的健康影响的有效性，同时以及时且具成本效益的方式最大限度地增加能够采集的样本数量和类型。在本综述中，我们研究了已成功从家庭环境中采集的生物样本（尿液和血液）。还将探讨诸如储存和运输等相关问题，以及采集较少研究的生物样本（包括毛囊、母乳、精液等）的有前景的新方法。此类生物样本在监测生殖发育和功能方面很有用。
