Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Child Healthcare Department, Anhui Hospital Affiliated to Children's Hospital of Fudan University/Anhui Provincial Children's Hospital, Hefei, Anhui, China.
Front Public Health. 2024 Aug 2;12:1411588. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1411588. eCollection 2024.
The phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are one class of the most abundant and frequently studied pseudo-persistent organic pollutants. Noninvasive urine is an effective substrate for evaluating PAE exposure, but repeated sampling is needed to overcome this bias. This adds much work to on-site collection and the cost of detection increases exponentially. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a scope review to describe the detection methods and validity of the use of other noninvasive matrices, such as nails and hair, for assessing long-term exposure to PAEs. The PubMed, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), electronic databases were searched from 1 January 2000 to 3 April 2024, and 12 studies were included. Nine and three studies used hair and nails, respectively, as noninvasive matrices for detecting PAE exposure. Five articles compared the results of nail or hair and urine tests for validity of the assessment of PAE exposure. The preprocessing and detection methods for these noninvasive samples are also described. The results of this review suggest that, compared with nails, hair may be more suitable as a noninvasive alternative matrix for assessing long-term exposure to PAEs. However, sample handling procedures such as the extraction and purification of compounds from hair are not uniform in various studies; therefore, further exploration and optimization of this process, and additional research evidence to evaluate its effectiveness, are needed to provide a scientific basis for the promotion and application of hair detection methods for assessing long-term PAE exposure levels.
邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）是最丰富和最常研究的拟持久性有机污染物之一。非侵入性尿液是评估 PAE 暴露的有效基质，但需要重复采样以克服这种偏差。这增加了现场采集的工作量，检测成本呈指数级增长。因此，本研究旨在进行范围综述，描述其他非侵入性基质（如指甲和头发）用于评估长期暴露于 PAEs 的检测方法和有效性。从 2000 年 1 月 1 日至 2024 年 4 月 3 日，检索了 PubMed、Web of Science 和中国国家知识基础设施（CNKI）电子数据库，并纳入了 12 项研究。9 项和 3 项研究分别将头发和指甲作为非侵入性基质用于检测 PAE 暴露。有 5 篇文章比较了指甲或头发和尿液测试的结果，以评估 PAE 暴露评估的有效性。还描述了这些非侵入性样本的预处理和检测方法。本综述的结果表明，与指甲相比，头发可能更适合作为评估长期 PAE 暴露的非侵入性替代基质。然而，头发中化合物的提取和纯化等样本处理程序在不同研究中并不统一；因此，需要进一步探索和优化这一过程，并提供更多的研究证据来评估其效果，为推广和应用头发检测方法评估长期 PAE 暴露水平提供科学依据。
