Lochner C, Stein D J
MRC Unit on Stress and Anxiety Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa.
J Postgrad Med. 2003 Oct-Dec;49(4):328-31.
Olfactory reference syndrome (ORS) has been defined as a psychiatric condition characterized by persistent preoccupation about body odour accompanied by shame, embarrassment, significant distress, avoidance behaviour and social isolation. ORS has however not been included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th edition) (DSM-IV) and, given that its primary symptoms may be found in various other disorders, differential diagnosis can be problematic. Using an illustrative case of ORS, we propose diagnostic criteria for ORS. We also argue that ORS represents a unique cluster of symptoms that can be delineated as a separate diagnostic entity, and that ORS falls on a spectrum of social anxiety disorders that includes social anxiety disorder, taijin kyofusho, and body dysmorphic disorder.
嗅觉参考综合征（ORS）被定义为一种精神状况，其特征是持续专注于体味，并伴有羞耻、尴尬、显著痛苦、回避行为和社交隔离。然而，ORS未被纳入《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》（第4版）（DSM-IV），鉴于其主要症状可能在其他多种疾病中出现，鉴别诊断可能存在问题。通过一个ORS的实例，我们提出了ORS的诊断标准。我们还认为，ORS代表了一组独特的症状群，可被界定为一个单独的诊断实体，并且ORS属于社交焦虑障碍谱系，其中包括社交焦虑障碍、恐人症和躯体变形障碍。
