Graham Anthony, Begbie Jo, McGonnell Imelda
MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, New Hunts House, Guys Campus, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom.
Dev Dyn. 2004 Jan;229(1):5-13. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.10442.
The cranial neural crest has long been viewed as being of particular significance. First, it has been held that the cranial neural crest has a morphogenetic role, acting to coordinate the development of the pharyngeal arches. By contrast, the trunk crest seems to play a more subservient role in terms of embryonic patterning. Second, the cranial crest not only generates neurons, glia, and melanocytes, but additionally forms skeletal derivatives (bones, cartilage, and teeth, as well as smooth muscle and connective tissue), and this potential was thought to be a unique feature of the cranial crest. Recently, however, several studies have suggested that the cranial neural crest may not be so influential in terms of patterning, nor so exceptional in the derivatives that it makes. It is now becoming clear that the morphogenesis of the pharyngeal arches is largely driven by the pharyngeal endoderm. Furthermore, it is now apparent that trunk neural crest cells have skeletal potential. However, it has now been demonstrated that a key role for the cranial neural crest streams is to organise the innervation of the hindbrain by the cranial sensory ganglia. Thus, in the past few years, our views of the significance of the cranial neural crest for head development have been altered. Developmental Dynamics 229:5-13, 2004.
长期以来，颅神经嵴一直被视为具有特殊意义。首先，人们认为颅神经嵴具有形态发生作用，可协调咽弓的发育。相比之下，躯干嵴在胚胎模式形成方面似乎发挥着更为次要的作用。其次，颅嵴不仅能产生神经元、神经胶质细胞和黑素细胞，还能形成骨骼衍生物（骨骼、软骨、牙齿以及平滑肌和结缔组织），这种潜能曾被认为是颅嵴的独特特征。然而，最近的几项研究表明，颅神经嵴在模式形成方面可能并非如此有影响力，其产生的衍生物也并非如此特殊。现在越来越清楚的是，咽弓的形态发生在很大程度上是由咽内胚层驱动的。此外，现在很明显躯干神经嵴细胞具有形成骨骼的潜能。然而，现已证明颅神经嵴流的关键作用是通过颅感觉神经节来组织后脑的神经支配。因此，在过去几年里，我们对颅神经嵴在头部发育中的重要性的看法已经发生了改变。《发育动力学》229:5 - 13, 2004年。
