Fox Mary Kay, Pac Susan, Devaney Barbara, Jankowski Linda
J Am Diet Assoc. 2004 Jan;104(1 Suppl 1):s22-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2003.10.026.
To describe the food consumption patterns of US infants and toddlers, 4 to 24 months of age.
Descriptive analysis of data collected in the 2002 Feeding Infants and Toddlers study based on telephone interviews and 24-hour dietary recalls.
A national random sample of 3,022 infants and toddlers age 4 to 24 months.
The percentage of infants and toddlers consuming foods from specific food groups was estimated for six age groups, using a single 24-hour recall.
Infants as young as 7 months of age showed food patterns that have been observed in older children and adults. From 18% to 33% of infants and toddlers between ages 7 and 24 months consumed no discrete servings of vegetables, and 23% to 33% consumed no fruits. French fries were one of the three most common vegetables consumed by infants 9 to 11 months of age. By 15 to 18 months, french fries were the most common vegetable. Almost half (46%) of 7- to 8-month-olds consumed some type of dessert, sweet, or sweetened beverage, and this percentage increased as age increased. By 19 to 24 months, 62% of toddlers consumed a baked dessert, 20% consumed candy, and 44% consumed a sweetened beverage.
Parents and caregivers should be encouraged to offer a wide variety of vegetables and fruits daily, with emphasis on dark green, leafy, and deep yellow vegetables and colorful fruits. They should offer desserts, sweets, sweetened beverages, and salty snacks only occasionally, offering nutrient-dense, age-appropriate foods as alternatives (eg, fruit, cheese, yogurt, and cereals). Water, milk, and 100% fruit juices should be offered as alternative beverages. Because family food choices influence what foods are offered to children, family-based approaches to developing healthy eating habits may be helpful.
描述美国4至24个月大婴幼儿的食物消费模式。
基于电话访谈和24小时饮食回顾，对2002年婴幼儿喂养研究中收集的数据进行描述性分析。
全国范围内3022名4至24个月大婴幼儿的随机样本。
使用单次24小时饮食回顾，估算六个年龄组中食用特定食物组食物的婴幼儿百分比。
年仅7个月大的婴儿就呈现出在年龄较大儿童和成年人中观察到的食物模式。7至24个月大的婴幼儿中，18%至33%未食用任何一份蔬菜，23%至33%未食用任何水果。薯条是9至11个月大婴儿食用的三种最常见蔬菜之一。到15至18个月时，薯条是最常见的蔬菜。近一半（46%）的7至8个月大婴儿食用了某种类型的甜点、甜食或含糖饮料，且这一比例随着年龄增长而增加。到19至24个月时，62%的幼儿食用了烘焙甜点，20%食用了糖果，44%食用了含糖饮料。
应鼓励家长和照顾者每天提供多种蔬菜和水果，重点是深绿色、叶状和深黄色蔬菜以及颜色鲜艳的水果。他们应仅偶尔提供甜点、甜食、含糖饮料和咸味小吃，提供营养丰富、适合年龄的食物作为替代品（如水果、奶酪、酸奶和谷类食品）。应提供水、牛奶和100%果汁作为替代饮料。由于家庭食物选择会影响给孩子提供的食物，基于家庭的培养健康饮食习惯的方法可能会有所帮助。
