Siega-Riz Anna Maria, Kinlaw Alan, Deming Denise M, Reidy Kathleen C
Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program. 2011;68:83-100; discussion 100-5. doi: 10.1159/000325667. Epub 2011 Oct 3.
The purpose of this chapter is to describe the infant feeding practices among infants and toddlers (aged 0-24 months) and to describe food group consumption patterns of these infants and young children (0-48 months) participating in the 2008 Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS). The FITS 2008 is a cross-sectional survey of a national sample of US children (n = 3,273). Results indicate a longer duration of breastfeeding; however, 17% of infants received cow's milk before the recommended age of one year. Introduction of complementary foods also appears to be delayed until about 4-6 months. There was a decline in consumption of infant cereal after 8 months that may be contributing to iron deficiencies in the 9-11 months age group. Consumption of 100% juice (particularly among infants) and the daily consumption of desserts or candy, sweetened beverages (particularly among 12-to 20-month-olds), and salty snacks is lower than in the 2002 survey. Overall, 10-20 and 30% of children were not consuming any fruit or vegetable, respectively, in a given day. More preschoolers were drinking 2% milk than whole milk, but about one third were still drinking whole milk. Despite some of these positive changes, improvements in young children's diet still are needed.
本章旨在描述婴幼儿（0至24个月）的喂养方式，并描述参与2008年婴幼儿喂养研究（FITS）的这些婴幼儿（0至48个月）的食物组消费模式。2008年FITS是一项对美国儿童全国样本（n = 3273）的横断面调查。结果显示母乳喂养时间更长；然而，17%的婴儿在建议的一岁年龄之前就开始饮用牛奶。辅食的引入似乎也推迟到了大约4至6个月。8个月后婴儿谷物的消费量有所下降，这可能导致9至11个月年龄组的缺铁。100%果汁的消费量（尤其是在婴儿中）以及甜点或糖果、含糖饮料（尤其是在12至20个月大的儿童中）和咸味零食的每日消费量低于2002年的调查。总体而言，在某一天，分别有10%至20%和30%的儿童未食用任何水果或蔬菜。更多的学龄前儿童饮用2%的牛奶而非全脂牛奶，但仍有约三分之一的儿童饮用全脂牛奶。尽管有这些积极变化，但幼儿的饮食仍需改善。
