Briefel Ronette R, Reidy Kathleen, Karwe Vatsala, Devaney Barbara
Mathematica Policy Research, Inc., Washington, DC 20024, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 2004 Jan;104(1 Suppl 1):s31-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jada.2003.10.020.
To assess adherence to infant feeding recommendations among a sample of infants and toddlers four to 24 months of age in the United States.
Descriptive analysis of data collected in the 2002 Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) based on telephone interviews and 24-hour dietary recalls collected with the Nutrition Data System for Research of the University of Minnesota.
A national random sample of 3,022 infants and toddlers age four to 24 months, including 2,024 infants age four to 11 months.
Breastfeeding, timing of introduction of complementary foods, and adherence to infant feeding recommendations.
Means and standard errors, percentile distributions, and percentages by age group (four to six months, seven to eight months, and nine to 11 months).
About 76% of infants and toddlers were fully or partly breastfed at birth. This percentage declined to 30% at six months and 16% at 12 months-short of Healthy People 2010 goals of 50% and 25%, respectively. The average duration of breastfeeding was 5.5 months for all who initiated breastfeeding. About two-thirds of infants had been introduced to complementary foods between four and six months-the period recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP); 17% consumed juice before the AAP recommended age of six months or later. Twenty-two percent of infants nine to 11 months consumed cow's milk on a daily basis before the recommended age of 12 months or later, and one in 10 consumed french fries and/or sweetened beverages on any given day.
APPLICATIONS/CONCLUSIONS: More parents and caregivers can benefit from guidance about the introduction of developmentally appropriate, micronutrient-rich first solid foods such as iron-rich infant cereals, iron-fortified grain products, meats, soft fruits, and cooked vegetables and the importance of breastfeeding through the first year of life. A smaller proportion of parents and caregivers require guidance on delaying the introduction of juices until six months of age and cow's milk other than formula until one year of age.
评估美国4至24个月婴幼儿样本中对婴儿喂养建议的遵循情况。
基于电话访谈以及明尼苏达大学研究用营养数据系统收集的24小时饮食回顾，对2002年婴幼儿喂养研究（FITS）收集的数据进行描述性分析。
全国范围内随机抽取的3022名4至24个月的婴幼儿，其中包括2024名4至11个月的婴儿。
母乳喂养情况、辅食添加时间以及对婴儿喂养建议的遵循情况。
均值与标准误、百分位数分布以及按年龄组（4至6个月、7至8个月、9至11个月）划分的百分比。
约76%的婴幼儿出生时完全或部分母乳喂养。这一比例在6个月时降至30%，在12个月时降至16%，未达到《健康人民2010》分别设定的50%和25%的目标。所有开始母乳喂养的婴幼儿平均母乳喂养时长为5.5个月。约三分之二的婴儿在4至6个月之间开始添加辅食，这是美国儿科学会（AAP）推荐的时间段；17%的婴儿在AAP建议的6个月之前或之后饮用果汁。22%的9至11个月婴儿在建议的12个月之前或之后每天饮用牛奶，十分之一的婴儿在任何一天食用薯条和/或含糖饮料。
应用/结论：更多家长和照顾者可从关于引入适合发育阶段、富含微量营养素的第一口固体食物（如富含铁的婴儿谷物、铁强化谷物产品、肉类、软质水果和煮熟的蔬菜）的指导以及母乳喂养至婴儿一岁的重要性中受益。较少比例的家长和照顾者需要关于将果汁引入时间推迟至6个月以及将除配方奶之外的牛奶引入时间推迟至一岁的指导。
