Forsyth J R, Bennett N McK, Hogben S, Hutchinson E M, Rouch G, Tan A, Taplin J
Microbiological Diagnostic Unit, University of Melbourne, Victoria.
Aust N Z J Public Health. 2003;27(4):385-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-842x.2003.tb00414.x.
In 1977 two major outbreaks of salmonella infection originated in Victoria. The first of these, involving Salmonella Bredeney, continued over some seven months and was traced to contamination of powdered milk-based infant formulae during manufacture. This caused cases of gastroenteritis among young children throughout Australia. Another incident led to the discovery that salmonella serovars were colonising not one, but a number of dairy factories through the State. The second outbreak was of typhoid, stemming from a carrier working in a sandwich bar, and occurred during the course of the first, almost overwhelming public health resources and delaying investigation of the first outbreak. The background, recognition, course, investigation and resolution of these, previously unpublished, outbreaks are described, drawing upon the experiences of authors involved at the clinical, public health and laboratory levels, and preserved, contemporary records. Taken together, these outbreaks directly stimulated radical improvements in the construction and management of dairy factories in the State; initiated the adoption of risk management concepts in food factories; caused the launch of regional regulations compelling notification of salmonellas found in food manufacture; and led to the setting-up of an enhanced national, laboratory-based system for the collection, analysis and dissemination of information on enteric pathogens.
1977年，维多利亚州爆发了两起严重的沙门氏菌感染疫情。第一起疫情涉及布雷登尼沙门氏菌，持续了约七个月，经追溯是婴儿配方奶粉在生产过程中被基于奶粉的粉末污染所致。这在全澳大利亚的幼儿中引发了肠胃炎病例。另一起事件导致发现沙门氏菌血清型不仅在一家，而是在该州的多家乳制品厂中滋生。第二起疫情是伤寒，源于一名在三明治店工作的带菌者，发生在第一起疫情期间，几乎耗尽了公共卫生资源，并延误了对第一起疫情的调查。本文根据参与临床、公共卫生和实验室工作的作者的经验以及保存下来的当代记录，描述了这些此前未发表的疫情的背景、识别、过程、调查和解决情况。综合来看，这些疫情直接推动了该州乳制品厂建设和管理的根本性改善；促使食品厂采用风险管理理念；促使出台地区性法规，强制要求通报食品生产中发现的沙门氏菌；并导致建立了一个强化的全国性、基于实验室的系统，用于收集、分析和传播肠道病原体信息。
