Lehman Anthony F, Buchanan Robert W, Dickerson Faith B, Dixon Lisa B, Goldberg Richard, Green-Paden Lisa, Kreyenbuhl Julie
Department of Psychiatry University of Maryland School of Medicine, 701 West Pratt Street, Suite 388, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2003 Dec;26(4):939-54. doi: 10.1016/s0193-953x(03)00070-4.
Taken together, the research on what treatments help people with schizophrenia point to the value of treatment programs that combine medications with a range of psychosocial services. Provision of such packages of services likely reduces the need for crisis-oriented care hospitalizations and emergency room visits and enables greater recovery. For most people with schizophrenia, the combination of psychopharmacological and psychosocial interventions improves outcomes. Several psychosocial treatments have demonstrated efficacy. These include family intervention, supported employment, assertive community treatment, skills training, and CBT. In the same way that psychopharmacologic management must be tailored individually to the needs and preferences of the patient, so too should the selection of psychosocial treatments. At the very least, all people with schizophrenia should be provided with education about their illness. Beyond illness education, all of the recommended psychosocial interventions would be used rarely during any one phase of illness for an individual. Some psychosocial treatments share treatment components, and patients have different clinical and social needs at different points in their illness course. Knowledge regarding how best to combine treatments to optimize outcomes is scarce.
综合来看，关于何种治疗方法对精神分裂症患者有帮助的研究表明，将药物治疗与一系列心理社会服务相结合的治疗方案具有价值。提供此类成套服务可能会减少以危机为导向的住院治疗和急诊室就诊需求，并能促进更好的康复。对于大多数精神分裂症患者而言，心理药物治疗和心理社会干预相结合可改善治疗效果。几种心理社会治疗方法已证明具有疗效。这些方法包括家庭干预、支持性就业、积极社区治疗、技能培训和认知行为疗法。正如心理药物治疗管理必须根据患者的需求和偏好进行个性化调整一样，心理社会治疗方法的选择也应如此。至少，所有精神分裂症患者都应接受有关其疾病的教育。除了疾病教育之外，在患者疾病的任何一个阶段，所有推荐的心理社会干预措施都很少会全部使用。一些心理社会治疗方法有共同的治疗组成部分，而且患者在疾病过程的不同阶段有不同的临床和社会需求。关于如何最佳地组合治疗方法以优化治疗效果的知识尚很匮乏。
