Iversen Per Ole, Nicolaysen Gunnar
Institutt for ernaengsforskning, Universitetet i Oslo, 0316 Oslo.
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2003 Dec 4;123(23):3402-5.
Water is an indispensable nutrient because of its physicochemical properties. People seem to consume more water than before although the scientific basis for this has not been firmly established.
We present a short overview of data retrieved from the databases PubMed and Ovid, with particular emphasis on the regulation of water intake and water excretion in adults.
Water excretion is mainly regulated through the production of urine. Anti-diuretic hormone plays a key role. The intake of water is mainly governed via the poorly defined sense of thirst. Circumstantial evidence supports an increased intake of water to prevent certain cancers and cardiovascular diseases.
Both excessive hydration and dehydration can cause serious illness, in particular in the elderly. There is a lack of firm scientific support for the beneficial health effects of increased water intake.
由于水的物理化学性质，它是一种不可或缺的营养素。尽管人们饮水量似乎比以前更多，但其科学依据尚未得到确凿证实。
我们简要概述了从PubMed和Ovid数据库检索到的数据，特别强调了成年人水摄入和水排泄的调节。
水排泄主要通过尿液生成来调节。抗利尿激素起着关键作用。水的摄入主要通过定义不明确的口渴感来控制。有间接证据支持增加水的摄入量以预防某些癌症和心血管疾病。
过度水合和脱水都可能导致严重疾病，尤其是在老年人中。增加水摄入量对健康有益的说法缺乏确凿的科学依据。
