Mulla Mir S, Thavara Usavadee, Tawatsin Apiwat, Chompoosri Jakkrawam, Zaim Morteza, Su Tianyun
Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
J Vector Ecol. 2003 Dec;28(2):241-54.
Novaluron, a new chitin synthesis inhibitor type of insect growth regulator, was evaluated in the laboratory and field against larvae of the mosquito Aedes aegypti (L.). In the laboratory, the technical material showed a high level of activity against 2nd and 4th instar larvae. The inhibition of emergence (IE) was 100% at concentrations of 0.25 to 1.0 microg/L. Second instars were slightly more susceptible than fourth instars. At the high concentration (1 ppb), most of the mortality occurred in the larvae, but at sublethal concentrations (for larvae) mortality also occurred in pupae and adults (incomplete eclosion). An EC10 (emulsifiable concentrate containing 10% active ingredient) formulation of novaluron was evaluated against Ae. aegypti in water-storage containers in the field in Thailand. Two tests at high (0.05 to 1 mg/L) and low (1 to 20 microg/L) concentrations were carried out in clay jars (200 L) and plastic pails (75 L). At high concentrations in clayjars, we obtained 86-96% inhibition of emergence (IE) for about 190 d, but the mortality declined at low concentrations after 190 d. At much lower concentrations, in jars and plastic pails in the second experiment, the IE was 80-100% for 2 mo. The highest concentrations of this series (10 microg/L in jars and 20 microg/L in pails) were active for 75 and 68 d respectively, losing efficacy by 82 d post-treatment. In the experiment using low concentrations, all treatments in jars and plastic pails failed to provide adequate control 90 d after treatment. These studies show that novaluron, even as EC10, has exceptional long-term activity against Ae. aegypti in water-storage containers, with higher concentrations yielding greater long-term control than low concentrations.
诺伐隆是一种新型的几丁质合成抑制剂类昆虫生长调节剂，在实验室和田间对埃及伊蚊（L.）幼虫进行了评估。在实验室中，该技术材料对第二和第四龄幼虫表现出高活性。在浓度为0.25至1.0微克/升时，羽化抑制率（IE）为100%。第二龄幼虫比第四龄幼虫稍更敏感。在高浓度（1 ppb）时，大部分死亡发生在幼虫期，但在亚致死浓度（对幼虫而言）下，蛹和成虫也会出现死亡（羽化不完全）。对含有10%活性成分的诺伐隆乳油（EC10）制剂在泰国田间的储水容器中针对埃及伊蚊进行了评估。在陶土罐（200升）和塑料桶（75升）中进行了高浓度（0.05至1毫克/升）和低浓度（1至20微克/升）的两项试验。在陶土罐中的高浓度下，约190天内羽化抑制率（IE）达到86 - 96%，但在190天后低浓度下死亡率下降。在第二次试验中，在更低浓度下，在罐子和塑料桶中2个月内羽化抑制率为80 - 100%。该系列的最高浓度（罐子中为10微克/升，桶中为20微克/升）分别在75天和68天内有活性，处理后82天失去效力。在使用低浓度的试验中，罐子和塑料桶中的所有处理在处理90天后均未能提供充分的控制效果。这些研究表明，诺伐隆即使作为EC10，在储水容器中对埃及伊蚊具有出色的长期活性，较高浓度比较低浓度能产生更好的长期控制效果。
