Porter S R, Scully C, Hegarty A M
Department of Oral Medicine, Eastman Dental Institute for Oral Health Care Sciences, University College London, University of London, England.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2004 Jan;97(1):28-46. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2003.07.010.
Salivary gland disease gives rise to salivary gland enlargement, pain, and prolonged xerostomia (dry mouth). Xerostomia is the most common long-standing problem for the majority of affected patients. There are many causes of dry mouth, with long-standing xerostomia being a particular problem in Sjögren's syndrome and after radiation to the head and neck region. Xerostomia is usually managed with saliva substitutes, but a large number of potential systemic therapies of long-standing xerostomia now exist. Some-particularly immunosuppressants-are of fundamental interest for the potential reduction of gland damage in Sjögren's syndrome but as yet are of limited clinical usefulness. Others, particularly pilocarpine and cevimeline, are, or have the potential to be, clinically useful in stimulating salivation by virtue of their action on cholinergic receptors.
唾液腺疾病会导致唾液腺肿大、疼痛以及长期口干。对于大多数受影响的患者而言，口干是最常见的长期问题。口干的原因众多，长期口干在干燥综合征以及头颈部区域接受放疗后是一个尤为突出的问题。口干通常采用唾液替代品进行治疗，但目前已有大量针对长期口干的潜在全身治疗方法。其中一些——尤其是免疫抑制剂——因有可能减少干燥综合征中的腺体损伤而备受关注，但目前临床应用价值有限。其他药物，特别是毛果芸香碱和西维美林，因其对胆碱能受体的作用，目前或有潜力在刺激唾液分泌方面具有临床应用价值。
