Ravoahangimalala R O, Rakotoarivony H L, Le Goff G, Fontenille D
Département de biologie animale, Faculté des sciences, Université d'Antananarivo, BP 906, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2003 Nov;96(4):323-8.
To evaluate the determining factors of the malaria transmission in the northwest region of Madagascar, transversal studies were carried out through one year, from March 1997 to April 1998, in two villages located near Mandritsara, at less than 300 meters above sea level. The rice-growing region forms an intermediate zone between the central highlands with epidemic and instable malaria and the coastal zone with endemic and stable malaria. Mosquitoes were collected when landing on humans during the night and by pyrethrum spray catches as regards endophilic mosquitoes. Three vectors were identified: Anopheles arabiensis, An. gambiae and An. funestus. An. arabiensis and An. gambiae were exophagic and zoophilic. An. funestus was endo-exophagic and anthropophilic but this species shows also a zoophilic trophic deviation. In both villages, An. funestus is the main vector of human malaria. Malaria transmission was estimated to be around 50 and 70 infective bites/person/year in each village.
为评估马达加斯加西北部疟疾传播的决定因素，于1997年3月至1998年4月的一年时间里，在位于曼德里察拉附近、海拔不到300米的两个村庄开展了横断面研究。水稻种植区形成了一个中间地带，介于疟疾流行且不稳定的中部高地与疟疾地方性流行且稳定的沿海地带之间。夜间蚊子落在人身上时进行采集，对于嗜内性蚊子则采用除虫菊酯喷雾法进行捕捉。鉴定出三种病媒：阿拉伯按蚊、冈比亚按蚊和富氏按蚊。阿拉伯按蚊和冈比亚按蚊为嗜外性和嗜动物性。富氏按蚊为嗜内-嗜外性和嗜人性，但该物种也表现出嗜动物性的营养偏差。在两个村庄中，富氏按蚊都是人类疟疾的主要病媒。据估计，每个村庄的疟疾传播率约为每年50至70次感染性叮咬/人。
