Jacobi Corinna, Hayward Chris, de Zwaan Martina, Kraemer Helena C, Agras W Stewart
Department of Psychology, University of Trier, Trier, Germany.
Psychol Bull. 2004 Jan;130(1):19-65. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.130.1.19.
The aims of the present review are to apply a recent risk factor approach (H. C. Kraemer et al., 1997) to putative risk factors for eating disorders, to order these along a timeline, and to deduce general taxonomic questions. Putative risk factors were classified according to risk factor type, outcome (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, full vs. partial syndromes), and additional factor characteristics (specificity, potency, need for replication). Few of the putative risk factors were reported to precede the onset of the disorder. Many factors were general risk factors; only few differentiated between the 3 eating disorder syndromes. Common risk factors from longitudinal and cross-sectional studies were gender, ethnicity, early childhood eating and gastrointestinal problems, elevated weight and shape concerns, negative self-evaluation, sexual abuse and other adverse experiences, and general psychiatric morbidity. Suggestions are made for the conceptualization of future risk factor studies.
本综述的目的是应用一种最新的风险因素方法（H.C.克雷默等人，1997年）来研究饮食失调的假定风险因素，按照时间线对这些因素进行排序，并推断出一般的分类学问题。假定风险因素根据风险因素类型、结果（神经性厌食症、神经性贪食症、暴饮暴食症、完全综合征与部分综合征）以及其他因素特征（特异性、效力、重复验证的必要性）进行分类。据报道，很少有假定风险因素先于疾病发作出现。许多因素是一般风险因素；只有少数因素能区分这三种饮食失调综合征。纵向和横断面研究中的常见风险因素包括性别、种族、幼儿期饮食和胃肠道问题、对体重和体型的过度关注、负面自我评价、性虐待和其他不良经历以及一般精神疾病发病率。文中还对未来风险因素研究的概念化提出了建议。
