Zimatkin S M, Rout U K, Koivusalo M, Bühler R, Lindros K O
Laboratory of Morphobiochemistry, Ministry of Health, Grodno, Byelorussia.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1992 Dec;16(6):1162-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1992.tb00713.x.
To clarify the regional capacity of the brain to oxidize biogenic aldehydes and ethanol-derived acetaldehyde, a quantitative immunohistochemical study of the microregional and cellular expression of low Km mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (mALDH; EC 1.2.1.3) in the rat central nervous system was undertaken, using antiserum raised in rabbit against low-Km aldehyde dehydrogenase purified from rat liver mitochondria. mALDH-specific immunoreactivity (IR) was observed to various extent in the majority of structures in all brain and spinal cord areas. Staining was strong in the extranuclear cytoplasm of neuronal and glial cell bodies but less pronounced in their processes and terminals, the conducting tracts, white matter and neuropile and in blood vessels. Immunostaining density was 2 to 3 times higher in neuronal perikarya as compared with neuropile. mALDH-positive neurons were found in all brain regions, being strongest in the inferior olive and hippocampus stratum pyramidale and weakest in substantia nigra. The percentage of morphologically identifiable ALDH-positive neurons ranged from 40% in the arcuate hypothalamic nucleus to 88% in the cerebellar Purkinje cells. A comparison of the heterogeneous expression of mALDH in various rat CNS regions and cells, as observed in the present study, with the corresponding previously published distributions of the potential acetaldehyde-producing enzymes ADH and cytochrome P450 2E1 indicates major differences, which may help in understanding potential acetaldehyde-mediated CNS effects of ethanol. Knowledge of the regional distribution of high-affinity aldehyde dehydrogenase should also throw light on the neurophysiological role of local regulation of the metabolism of biogenic aldehydes in the brain.
为了阐明大脑氧化生物源性醛类和乙醇衍生乙醛的区域能力，利用针对从大鼠肝线粒体中纯化的低 Km 线粒体醛脱氢酶（mALDH；EC 1.2.1.3）制备的兔抗血清，对大鼠中枢神经系统中低 Km 线粒体醛脱氢酶的微区域和细胞表达进行了定量免疫组织化学研究。在所有脑区和脊髓区的大多数结构中均观察到不同程度的 mALDH 特异性免疫反应性（IR）。染色在神经元和神经胶质细胞体的核外细胞质中较强，但在其突起、终末、传导束、白质、神经毡和血管中则较弱。与神经毡相比，神经元胞体中的免疫染色密度高 2 至 3 倍。在所有脑区均发现了 mALDH 阳性神经元，在下橄榄核和海马锥体细胞层中最强，在黑质中最弱。形态学上可识别的 ALDH 阳性神经元的百分比范围从弓状下丘脑核中的 40%到小脑浦肯野细胞中的 88%。本研究中观察到的 mALDH 在大鼠中枢神经系统不同区域和细胞中的异质表达，与先前发表的潜在乙醛生成酶 ADH 和细胞色素 P450 2E1 的相应分布进行比较，显示出主要差异，这可能有助于理解乙醇潜在的乙醛介导的中枢神经系统效应。对高亲和力醛脱氢酶区域分布的了解也应有助于阐明大脑中生物源性醛类代谢局部调节的神经生理作用。
