Berkowitz Steven J
Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, 230 South Frontage Road, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-7900, USA.
Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. 2003 Dec;6(4):293-302. doi: 10.1023/b:ccfp.0000006295.54479.3d.
Children are exposed to violence in their homes and communities at extraordinarily high rates. Given the alarming rates of exposure and its known impact on child developmental outcomes, crisis intervention geared at interrupting the negative effects of violence exposure are increasingly important. This review provides a rationale for the implementation of early and crisis intervention strategies for children exposed to community violence and recommends principles for applying these interventions. These principles are based on the body of research concerning risk and protective factors for children who have been exposed to violence. Relevant factors are reviewed and recommended principles are explicated that correlate to these factors. Issues concerning developmentally informed crisis intervention, support of parental executive functioning, and the need for active community partnership to help ameliorate risk factors are highlighted.
儿童在家中和社区中遭受暴力的比例极高。鉴于接触暴力的惊人比例及其对儿童发育结果的已知影响，旨在中断暴力接触负面影响的危机干预变得越来越重要。本综述为针对遭受社区暴力的儿童实施早期和危机干预策略提供了理论依据，并推荐了应用这些干预措施的原则。这些原则基于有关遭受暴力儿童的风险和保护因素的研究。对相关因素进行了综述，并阐述了与这些因素相关的推荐原则。强调了有关基于发育情况的危机干预、对父母执行功能的支持以及需要积极的社区伙伴关系以帮助改善风险因素等问题。
