Ziaee Vahid, Yunesian Masud, Ahmadinejad Zahra, Halabchi Farzin, Kordi Ramin, Alizadeh Reza, Afsharjoo Hamid Reza
Department of Pediatrics, Sport Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Wilderness Environ Med. 2003 Winter;14(4):214-9. doi: 10.1580/1080-6032(2003)14[214:amsiit]2.0.co;2.
Many trekkers up Mount Damavand run the risk of developing acute mountain sickness (AMS); however, not much is documented concerning the incidence of AMS and its related factors within this population.
We designed this study to determine the incidence and risk factors for AMS in trekkers around Mount Damavand in Iran.
Symptoms of AMS and the contributing factors were assessed in the course of 6 weeks in summer 2000. Standard Lake Louise questionnaires were administered to 459 subjects, all of whom were trekkers. The questionnaires were filled out in 3 steps, first at 2900 m and then during both ascent and descent at 4200 m.
The overall incidence of AMS was 60.8%. The incidence was higher in residents who lived at an altitude less than 600 m, amateur trekkers, those with a previous history of AMS, those with a history of AMS at ascent to Damavand, and those with night ascents (6 PM to midnight). Incidence was weakly dependent on rate of ascent (from 2900 m up to 4200 m in less than 4 hours) and sleep at 4200 m. No significant association was found between AMS and sex, age, body mass index, height, weight, smoking, weight of knapsacks, or the spent time in the shelter (at 4200 m).
We conclude that the incidence of AMS is high in Iranian trekkers ascending Mount Damavand. Some of the contributing factors are preventable, so we suggest considering an educational program for trekkers to high altitudes in Iran.
许多攀登达马万德山的徒步旅行者有患急性高山病（AMS）的风险；然而，关于该人群中AMS的发病率及其相关因素的记录并不多。
我们设计了这项研究，以确定伊朗达马万德山周边徒步旅行者中AMS的发病率和风险因素。
在2000年夏季的6周时间里评估AMS症状和促成因素。向459名受试者发放标准的路易斯湖问卷，他们均为徒步旅行者。问卷分三步填写，首先在海拔2900米处，然后在海拔4200米的 ascent 和 descent 过程中填写。
AMS的总体发病率为60.8%。居住在海拔低于600米的居民、业余徒步旅行者、有AMS既往史的人、攀登达马万德山时出现AMS的人以及夜间攀登（下午6点至午夜）的人发病率更高。发病率与 ascent 速度（从2900米上升到4200米用时不到4小时）和在4200米处睡眠呈弱相关。未发现AMS与性别、年龄、体重指数、身高、体重、吸烟、背包重量或在避难所（海拔4200米处）停留时间之间存在显著关联。
我们得出结论，攀登达马万德山的伊朗徒步旅行者中AMS的发病率很高。一些促成因素是可以预防的，因此我们建议为前往伊朗高海拔地区的徒步旅行者考虑开展一个教育项目。
