Chow J W, Shim J H, Lim Y T
Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
J Sci Med Sport. 2003 Dec;6(4):512-8. doi: 10.1016/s1440-2440(03)80276-1.
Prior electromyographic (EMG) analyses of the tennis serve have focused on the muscles in the hitting arm and shoulder region. This preliminary study aimed to examine the muscle activation patterns of selected lower trunk muscles during three different types of tennis serve--flat, topspin, and slice. Five male highly skilled tennis players completed 10 trials for each type of serve. Surface EMG electrodes were used to monitor the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and lumbar erector spinae (ES) muscles. For each subject, the two trials with the highest self-reported ratings were analysed. Average EMG levels during each phase of a tennis serve for each muscle were analysed using a non-parametric ANOVA design. No major differences in muscle activation pattern were found across different serve types, and bilateral differences in muscle activation were more pronounced in RA and EO than in IO and ES muscles. The abdominal muscles were more active in the topspin than in the other two types of serves during the upward swing of the racket. An appreciable amount of abdominal/low back and bilateral co-activation was observed during certain phases of the serve. The co-activation of lower trunk muscles may help to stabilise the lumbar spine during the arch back and forward swing phases of the serve. The results reinforce the importance of abdominal and low back exercises in the strength and rehabilitation programs designed for tennis players.
先前对网球发球动作的肌电图（EMG）分析主要集中在击球手臂和肩部区域的肌肉。这项初步研究旨在检查在三种不同类型的网球发球——平击、上旋和切削发球过程中，选定的下躯干肌肉的肌肉激活模式。五名男性高水平网球运动员对每种发球类型完成了10次试发。使用表面肌电图电极监测腹直肌（RA）、腹外斜肌（EO）、腹内斜肌（IO）和腰竖脊肌（ES）。对于每个受试者，分析自我报告评分最高的两次试发。使用非参数方差分析设计分析每种肌肉在网球发球各阶段的平均肌电图水平。在不同发球类型之间未发现肌肉激活模式的主要差异，并且RA和EO肌肉的双侧肌肉激活差异比IO和ES肌肉更明显。在球拍向上挥动期间，上旋发球时腹部肌肉比其他两种发球类型更活跃。在发球的某些阶段观察到相当数量的腹部/下背部和双侧共同激活。下躯干肌肉的共同激活可能有助于在发球的弓背和向前挥动阶段稳定腰椎。研究结果强化了腹部和下背部锻炼在为网球运动员设计的力量和康复计划中的重要性。
