Jansen D E M C, Krol B, Groothoff J W, Post D
Northern Centre for Healthcare Research, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
J Intellect Disabil Res. 2004 Feb;48(Pt 2):93-102. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2004.00483.x.
The transition of people with intellectual disability (ID) from care institutions to the community - according to Western policy - results in a shift of responsibility towards primary health care services. In order to provide optimal care to people with ID living in the community, general practitioners need to be aware of the specific health problems of this patient category. The aim of this paper is to present an overview of recent studies on the specific health problems of people with ID, in particular on health problems of people with ID in the community, compared to those of the general population.
To reliably compare health problems of individuals with and without ID, this review is limited to comparative research using a control group of individuals without ID. The focus of the review concentrates on international literature, published between 1995 and 2002.
Most comparative research among people with ID presents higher prevalence rates for epilepsy, diseases of the skin, sensory loss and (increased risk of) fractures. These health problems are specific for people with ID, both in general and living in the community in particular.
there are only few studies focusing on health problems in people with ID in which a control group of individuals without ID is included. Most comparative studies on health problems in people with ID are based on comparison with reported prevalence rates of general health surveys.
根据西方政策，智障人士从护理机构向社区的过渡导致责任向初级卫生保健服务转移。为了向居住在社区中的智障人士提供最佳护理，全科医生需要了解这一患者群体的特定健康问题。本文的目的是概述近期关于智障人士特定健康问题的研究，特别是与普通人群相比，社区中智障人士的健康问题。
为了可靠地比较有和没有智障的个体的健康问题，本综述仅限于使用没有智障的个体作为对照组的比较研究。综述重点关注1995年至2002年间发表的国际文献。
大多数针对智障人士的比较研究表明，癫痫、皮肤病、感觉丧失和骨折（风险增加）的患病率较高。这些健康问题是智障人士特有的，无论是总体上还是特别是居住在社区中的智障人士。
仅有少数研究关注智障人士的健康问题，其中纳入了没有智障的个体作为对照组。大多数关于智障人士健康问题的比较研究是基于与一般健康调查所报告的患病率进行比较。
