Koelsch William A
Clark University.
J Hist Behav Sci. 2004 Winter;40(1):1-22. doi: 10.1002/jhbs.10181.
This paper examines Franz Boas as an aspiring professional geographer during the 1880s: his Baffin Land research, his publications, his participation in geography organizations, and his struggle to attain a university appointment in geography. Frustrated by a seeming lack of opportunity for advancement in Germany, Boas explored career opportunities as a geographer in America and launched a series of unsuccessful but meaningful attempts to dominate the intellectual direction of American geography. Finally, the article reviews the circumstances surrounding Boas's appointment as an anthropologist at Clark University in 1889. Through examining Boas's own words and actions, the paper demonstrates that his professional identification with geography was lengthier and stronger than earlier accounts have suggested. It also critiques the myth of a Baffin Land "conversion" to anthropology, and delineates the circumstances of his shift from German human geography to his Americanist recasting of anthropology after 1889.
本文考察了19世纪80年代作为有抱负的专业地理学家的弗朗兹·博厄斯：他在巴芬岛的研究、他的出版物、他对地理组织的参与，以及他为获得大学地理学教职所做的努力。由于在德国似乎缺乏晋升机会而感到沮丧，博厄斯在美国探索了作为地理学家的职业机会，并发起了一系列虽未成功但有意义的尝试，以主导美国地理学的学术方向。最后，本文回顾了1889年博厄斯被克拉克大学聘为人类学家的相关情况。通过审视博厄斯自己的言论和行动，本文表明，他对地理学的专业认同比早期记载所显示的更为长久和强烈。它还批判了巴芬岛“转向”人类学的神话，并描述了1889年之后他从德国人文地理学转向对人类学进行美国化重塑的情况。
