Bałczewska E
Department of Periodontology and Oral Mucosal Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Lódz, and Patient Treatment, SP ZOZ, Dental Hospital Institute of Dentistry, Lódz, Poland.
Eur J Dent Educ. 2004 Feb;8 Suppl 4:42-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5863.2004.00322.x.
The study presents information on the use of tobacco and the health consequences over the past 20 years in Poland. During this time, Poland has been among the countries with the highest cigarette consumption in the world and a correspondingly high number of tobacco-related deaths. Data show that nowadays about 10 million Polish people smoke; in 1998 average annual, adult, cigarette consumption was over 3000. The greatest rate of smoking among men (64%) was recorded in 1974 and among women (33%) in 1986. Recently, there has been a significant decrease in the rate of smoking among men to 40%, and among women to 23%. This favourable change has improved health indices such as infant mortality, life expectancy, and a lower rate of increase in male deaths from lung cancer. Government organizations as well as medical organizations and universities have become involved in prevention of smoking and tobacco control in Poland and the latest legislation is described.
该研究展示了波兰过去20年烟草使用情况及其对健康造成的后果。在此期间，波兰一直是全球香烟消费量最高的国家之一，与烟草相关的死亡人数也相应居高不下。数据显示，目前约有1000万波兰人吸烟；1998年，成年人年均香烟消费量超过3000支。男性吸烟率最高（64%）出现在1974年，女性吸烟率最高（33%）出现在1986年。最近，男性吸烟率大幅降至40%，女性吸烟率降至23%。这一有利变化改善了健康指标，如婴儿死亡率、预期寿命，以及男性肺癌死亡率的较低增长率。波兰的政府组织、医疗组织和大学都已参与到吸烟预防和烟草控制工作中，并介绍了最新的立法情况。
