Pharmacokinetic interaction between rifampin and the combination of indinavir and low-dose ritonavir in HIV-infected patients.

Rifampin is an important drug in the treatment of tuberculosis, but administration of rifampin in combination with protease inhibitors is complicated because of drug-drug interactions. A prospective, controlled, multiple-dose study involving 6 HIV-infected patients receiving a combination of indinavir (800 mg) and ritonavir (100 mg) twice a day was performed to evaluate whether the inducing effect of rifampin on the drug-metabolizing enzyme cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 could be overcome by the inhibitory effect of ritonavir. Pharmacokinetic evaluations of steady-state concentrations of indinavir and ritonavir were performed before and after administration of rifampin (300 mg every day for 4 days). An 87% reduction (from 837 to 112 ng/mL) in median indinavir and a 94% reduction (from 431 to 27 ng/mL) in median ritonavir concentrations were seen 12 h after the last dose of rifampin was administered (P=.031). These results strongly indicate that the administration of rifampin with a combination of indinavir (800 mg) and ritonavir (100 mg) could lead to subtherapeutic concentrations of indinavir.