Ryan Jennifer D, Cohen Neal J
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
Neuropsychologia. 2004;42(4):497-511. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2003.08.011.
In a recent eye-movement study [Psychol. Sci. 11 (2000) 454], amnesic patients failed selectively to exhibit long-term effects of memory for the relations among the constituent elements of scenes. This failure could be due to a deficit specifically in long-term relational memory, as we have suggested; or in retention of relational information over any delay, whether involving perceptual processing and short-term maintenance or long-term memory, consistent with suggestions from recent studies of the hippocampus; or in on-line processing of relational information, as would occur in perceptual or feature binding. Here we show robust eye-movement effects of relations among elements of scenes in amnesia in a short-delay matching task, with the same materials and in the same amnesic patients in which long-delay conditions elicited failure. These findings document intact processing and short-term retention of relational information in amnesia, indicating that amnesia associated with hippocampal damage results in a relational memory deficit, specifically of long-term memory.
在最近一项眼动研究[《心理科学》11(2000)454]中，失忆症患者在对场景组成元素之间的关系进行记忆时，选择性地未能表现出长期记忆效应。这种失败可能如我们所提出的，是由于长期关系记忆方面的特定缺陷；或者是由于在任何延迟情况下关系信息的保留出现问题，无论这种延迟涉及感知处理和短期维持还是长期记忆，这与最近对海马体研究的观点一致；又或者是由于关系信息的在线处理出现问题，就像在感知或特征绑定中发生的那样。在此，我们在一个短延迟匹配任务中，使用相同的材料并针对相同的失忆症患者，展示了失忆症患者场景元素之间关系的强烈眼动效应，而在长延迟条件下则会出现失败。这些发现证明了失忆症患者中关系信息的完整处理和短期保留，表明与海马体损伤相关的失忆症会导致关系记忆缺陷，特别是长期记忆方面的缺陷。
