Gallo David A
Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2004 Jan;30(1):120-8. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.30.1.120.
Whether recall of studied words (e.g., parsley, rosemary, thyme) could reduce false recognition of related lures (e.g., basil) was investigated. Subjects studied words from several categories for a final recognition memory test. Half of the subjects were given standard test instructions, and half were instructed to use recall to reduce false recognition. Manipulation checks indicated that the latter instructions did elicit a recall-to-reject strategy. However, false recognition was selectively reduced only when all the words from a category could be recalled (Experiment 1). When longer categories were used, thereby minimizing exhaustive recall, a recall-to-reject strategy was ineffective at reducing false recognition (Experiment 2). It is suggested that exhaustively recalling a category allowed subjects to disqualify the lure as having occurred, analogous to recall-to-reject demonstrations in other tasks. In contrast, partially recalling a category did not help to diagnose the lure as nonstudied. These findings constrain theories of recall-based monitoring processes.
研究了对所学单词（如欧芹、迷迭香、百里香）的回忆是否能减少对相关诱饵（如罗勒）的错误识别。受试者学习了来自几个类别的单词，用于最后的识别记忆测试。一半的受试者接受标准测试指导，另一半则被指示使用回忆来减少错误识别。操作检查表明，后一种指导确实引发了一种回忆-拒绝策略。然而，只有当一个类别的所有单词都能被回忆起来时，错误识别才会被选择性地减少（实验1）。当使用更长的类别时，从而尽量减少详尽回忆，回忆-拒绝策略在减少错误识别方面是无效的（实验2）。有人认为，详尽地回忆一个类别使受试者能够排除诱饵出现的可能性，这类似于其他任务中的回忆-拒绝演示。相比之下，部分回忆一个类别无助于将诱饵诊断为未学过的。这些发现限制了基于回忆的监测过程的理论。
