Berglund Birgitta, Nilsson Mats E
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, and Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden.
Percept Mot Skills. 2003 Dec;97(3 Pt 1):675-88. doi: 10.2466/pms.2003.97.3.675.
Listeners' ability to identify road-traffic, aircraft, or train sounds in environmental sound recordings was studied in a psychoacoustical experiment involving 16 participants. In free-labeling identification, excerpt traffic sounds were described in terms of "object" (sound-producing source) rather than in terms of perceptual attribute. The main sounds identified were traffic sounds, but a few references were also made to machine-related or water-related sources. Sounds from aircraft were easier to identify than the sounds from trains, which in turn were easier to identify than the sounds from road-traffic. This identification order was confirmed in multiple-choice and dominant-source identification tasks. Compared to free-labeling, multiple-choice identifications produced considerably more false alarms, i.e., identification of a sound source not present. For multiple-choice, several sound sources were particularly identified in the excerpt of road-traffic and train sounds although the (recorded) sound was typically clearly discerned in the joint dominant-source identification task. A comparison of the acoustic properties of the traffic sounds suggested that spectral rather than temporal cues were used in sound-source identification.
在一项涉及16名参与者的心理声学实验中，研究了听众在环境声音录音中识别道路交通、飞机或火车声音的能力。在自由标注识别中，节选的交通声音是根据“物体”（发声源）来描述的，而不是根据感知属性来描述。识别出的主要声音是交通声音，但也有一些提到了与机器或水相关的声源。飞机的声音比火车的声音更容易识别，而火车的声音又比道路交通的声音更容易识别。这种识别顺序在多项选择和主要声源识别任务中得到了证实。与自由标注相比，多项选择识别产生了更多的误报，即识别出不存在的声源。对于多项选择，在道路交通和火车声音的节选中特别识别出了几个声源，尽管在联合主要声源识别任务中（录制的）声音通常清晰可辨。对交通声音声学特性的比较表明，在声源识别中使用的是频谱线索而非时间线索。
