Vos J
TNO Institute for Perception, Soesterberg, The Netherlands.
J Acoust Soc Am. 1992 Jun;91(6):3330-45. doi: 10.1121/1.402823.
In this study, total annoyance caused by different simultaneous environmental sounds is investigated. In spite of a number of puzzling data in the literature, it is fairly well established that in combinations in which the annoyance of one source is considerably higher than that of another source, total annoyance is equal to the maximum annoyance of the separate sources. For combinations in which both sounds are about equally annoying, total annoyance seems to be higher than the maximum source-specific annoyance. The available data, however, are too rough to model total annoyance in these conditions. The present laboratory studies were therefore designed to explore further possible procedures to quantify total annoyance. Subjects rated the (total) annoyance caused by various combinations of impulse, road-traffic, and aircraft sounds. The results support a simple model which predicts the overall or total rating sound level L(t) for combinations of several types of sounds. Here, L(t) is numerically equal to the A-weighted equivalent sound level L(eq) of road-traffic sound with the same annoyance as caused by the combination of sounds. In the model, the sound exposure caused by the impulse and/or aircraft sounds is first expressed in the L(eq) of equally annoying road-traffic sound. With the help of source-specific dose-effect relationships, this is achieved by adding level-dependent penalties to the L(eq) of the respective sources. Weighted summation of the corrected L(eq)'s of the various sources then results in L(t). An optimal overall fit of the data from two separate experiments was obtained when the weighted summation of the corrected L(eq)'s was performed with the parameter k in k log(sigma 10(corrected L(eq) of source j)/k) set to 15. The standard deviation of the differences between the experimental results and the model predictions with k = 15 was equivalent to the small change in annoyance produced by a 1.5-dB shift in the L(eq) of road-traffic sound. Adoption of k = 15 implies that after correction, two equal L(eq)'s yield a total rating sound level which is 4.5 dB higher than each single-source corrected L(eq).
在本研究中，对不同同时存在的环境声音所引起的总烦恼度进行了调查。尽管文献中有一些令人困惑的数据，但相当明确的是，在一个声源的烦恼度明显高于另一个声源的组合中，总烦恼度等于各个声源的最大烦恼度。对于两个声音烦恼度大致相同的组合，总烦恼度似乎高于各个声源特定的最大烦恼度。然而，现有的数据过于粗糙，无法在这些条件下对总烦恼度进行建模。因此，当前的实验室研究旨在探索进一步可能的程序来量化总烦恼度。受试者对由脉冲声、道路交通声和飞机声的各种组合所引起的（总）烦恼度进行了评级。结果支持一个简单的模型，该模型可预测几种类型声音组合的总体或总评级声级L(t)。在此，L(t)在数值上等于与声音组合所引起的烦恼度相同的道路交通声的A加权等效声级L(eq)。在该模型中，由脉冲声和/或飞机声引起的声暴露首先以烦恼度相同的道路交通声的L(eq)来表示。借助特定声源的剂量 - 效应关系，通过对各个声源的L(eq)添加与声级相关的惩罚来实现这一点。然后，对各个声源经校正的L(eq)进行加权求和，得出L(t)。当将k log(σ10(声源j经校正的L(eq))/k)中的参数k设置为15，对经校正的L(eq)进行加权求和时，获得了来自两个独立实验的数据的最佳总体拟合。当k = 15时，实验结果与模型预测之间差异的标准偏差相当于道路交通声的L(eq)发生1.5 dB变化时所产生的烦恼度的微小变化。采用k = 15意味着校正后，两个相等的L(eq)产生的总评级声级比每个单声源经校正的L(eq)高4.5 dB。
