School of the Built Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, United Kingdom.
J Acoust Soc Am. 2013 Jan;133(1):227-37. doi: 10.1121/1.4770242.
This paper examines physical and perceptual properties of water sounds generated by small to medium sized water features that have applications for road traffic noise masking. A large variety of water sounds were produced in the laboratory by varying design parameters. Analysis showed that estimations can be made on how these parameters affect sound pressure levels, frequency content, and psychoacoustic properties. Comparisons with road traffic noise showed that there is a mismatch between the frequency responses of traffic noise and water sounds, with the exception of waterfalls with high flow rates, which can generate large low frequency levels comparable to traffic noise. Perceptual assessments were carried out in the context of peacefulness and relaxation, where both water sounds and noise from dense road traffic were audible. Results showed that water sounds should be similar or not less than 3 dB below the road traffic noise level (confirming previous research), and that stream sounds tend to be preferred to fountain sounds, which are in turn preferred to waterfall sounds. Analysis made on groups of sounds also indicated that low sharpness and large temporal variations were preferred on average, although no acoustical or psychoacoustical parameter correlated well with the individual sound preferences.
本文研究了中小型水景产生的水声的物理和感知特性，这些水声可应用于道路交通噪声掩蔽。通过改变设计参数，在实验室中产生了大量不同的水声。分析表明，可以估计这些参数如何影响声压级、频率内容和心理声学特性。与道路交通噪声的比较表明，除了水流速度较高的瀑布外，交通噪声和水声的频率响应存在不匹配，因为瀑布可以产生与交通噪声相当的大低频水平。在宁静和放松的背景下进行了感知评估，其中可以听到水声和密集道路交通噪声。结果表明，水声应低于道路交通噪声水平 3 分贝或更低（证实了先前的研究），溪流声比喷泉声更受欢迎，喷泉声又比瀑布声更受欢迎。对声音组的分析还表明，平均而言，人们更喜欢低尖锐度和大时间变化的声音，尽管没有任何声学或心理声学参数与个人对声音的偏好很好地相关。
