Zhou Feng, Kahana Michael J, Sekuler Robert
Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2004 Feb;15(2):112-8. doi: 10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.01502007.x.
Cognition is shaped by the way that past experiences are represented in memory. To examine the representation of recent visual experiences, we devised a novel procedure that measures episodic recognition memory for synthetic textures. On each trial, two brief study stimuli were followed by a probe, which either replicated one of the study stimuli or differed in spatial frequency from both. The probe's spatial frequency roved from trial to trial, testing recognition with a range of differences between probe and study items. Repeated testing of recognition generated mnemometric functions, snapshots of memory strength's distribution. The distributional characteristics of the mnemometric functions rule out several hypotheses about memory representation, including the hypothesis that representations are prototypes constructed from previously seen stimuli; instead, stimuli are represented in memory as noisy exemplars.
认知是由过去的经历在记忆中的呈现方式所塑造的。为了研究近期视觉体验的呈现方式，我们设计了一种新颖的程序来测量对合成纹理的情景识别记忆。在每次试验中，两个短暂的学习刺激之后是一个探测刺激，该探测刺激要么复制其中一个学习刺激，要么在空间频率上与两个学习刺激都不同。探测刺激的空间频率在每次试验中都会变化，以测试探测刺激与学习项目之间存在一系列差异时的识别情况。对识别进行重复测试生成了记忆测量函数，即记忆强度分布的快照。记忆测量函数的分布特征排除了关于记忆呈现的几种假设，包括认为呈现是由先前看到的刺激构建的原型这一假设；相反，刺激在记忆中是以有噪声的范例形式呈现的。
