Short Jeffrey W, Lindeberg Mandy R, Harris Patricia M, Maselko Jacek M, Pella Jerome J, Rice Stanley D
Auke Bay Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, Alaska 99801-8626, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2004 Jan 1;38(1):19-25. doi: 10.1021/es0348694.
We estimated the amount of oil remaining in Prince William Sound, Alaska, 12 yr after the 1989 Exxon Valdez spill to assess its importance as a long-term reservoir of toxic hydrocarbons. We found oil on 78 of 91 beaches randomly selected according to their oiling history. Surface oiling was recorded for randomly placed quadrats, which were then excavated and examined for subsurface oil. The cumulative area of beach contaminated by surface or subsurface oil was estimated at 11.3 ha. Surface oil varied little with tide height, but subsurface oil was more prevalent at the middle tide heights. The mass of remaining subsurface oil is conservatively estimated at 55 600 kg. Analysis of terpanes indicated that over 90% of the surface oil and all of the subsurface oil was from the Exxon Valdez and that Monterey Formation oil deposited after the 1964 Alaska earthquake accounted for the remaining surface oil. These results indicate that oil from the Exxon Valdez remains by far the largest reservoir of biologically available polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on beaches impacted by the spill and that biota dependent on these beaches risk continued exposure.
我们估算了1989年埃克森·瓦尔迪兹号油轮泄漏事件12年后阿拉斯加威廉王子湾剩余的石油量，以评估其作为有毒碳氢化合物长期储存库的重要性。我们根据91个海滩的受油历史随机选择了这些海滩，在其中78个海滩上发现了石油。对随机放置的样方记录了表面油污情况，随后对样方进行挖掘并检查地下油污。估计表面或地下油污污染的海滩累计面积为11.3公顷。表面油污随潮位高度变化不大，但地下油污在中潮位更为普遍。保守估计剩余地下油污质量为55600千克。萜烷分析表明，超过90%的表面油污和所有地下油污都来自埃克森·瓦尔迪兹号，1964年阿拉斯加地震后沉积的蒙特雷组石油占剩余表面油污。这些结果表明，埃克森·瓦尔迪兹号泄漏的石油仍然是受此次泄漏影响海滩上生物可利用多环芳烃的最大储存库，依赖这些海滩的生物群落仍有持续接触的风险。
