Wood C D, Stewart J J, Wood M J, Mims M
Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University Medical Center, Shreveport 71130.
J Clin Pharmacol. 1992 Nov;32(11):1008-12. doi: 10.1002/j.1552-4604.1992.tb03803.x.
Motion sickness inhibits gastric motility, making the oral route ineffective for medications. The intramuscular route is an effective alternative. The rotating chair was used to produce the M 111 level of motion sickness on the Graybiel Symptom Scale. The intramuscular medications given 30 minutes before rotation were compared with placebo (saline, 1 mL) for effectiveness and duration in increasing the number of tolerated head movements. Average placebo number of head movements was 294. Promethazine 25 mg increased head movements by 78% (P < .05), with a duration of 12 hours. Scopolamine 0.2 mg increased head movements by 91% (P < .05), with a duration of 4 hours. The effect of caffeine 250 mg and ephedrine 25 mg was not significant. When combined with scopolamine, ephedrine produced an 32% additive effect. Scopolamine 0.08 mg, 0.1 mg, and 0.2 mg and also promethazine 12.5 mg and 25 mg were significant (P < .05). Promethazine appears to be the drug of choice for intramuscular use because of a longer duration and a high level of effectiveness. Scopolamine was of high effectiveness, but had a duration of 4 hours. It was eight times as potent by the intramuscular as by the oral route.
晕动病会抑制胃蠕动，使口服药物无效。肌肉注射途径是一种有效的替代方法。使用转椅在格雷比尔症状量表上产生M 111级晕动病。将旋转前30分钟给予的肌肉注射药物与安慰剂（生理盐水，1 mL）在增加耐受头部运动次数方面的有效性和持续时间进行比较。安慰剂组头部运动的平均次数为294次。25 mg异丙嗪使头部运动增加了78%（P < .05），持续时间为12小时。0.2 mg东莨菪碱使头部运动增加了91%（P < .05），持续时间为4小时。250 mg咖啡因和25 mg麻黄碱的效果不显著。麻黄碱与东莨菪碱合用时产生了32%的相加作用。0.08 mg、0.1 mg和0.2 mg的东莨菪碱以及12.5 mg和25 mg的异丙嗪效果显著（P < .05）。由于持续时间长且有效性高，异丙嗪似乎是肌肉注射用药的首选药物。东莨菪碱有效性高，但持续时间为4小时。其肌肉注射的效力是口服的8倍。
