Graybiel A, Knepton J, Shaw J
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1976 Oct;47(10):1096-100.
A double-blind placebo-controlled study compared the efficacy of the antimotion sickness drug scopolamine when administered by oral or transdermal routes. A secondary purpose was to extend our bioassay involving fixed-dose combinations of the homergic drugs promethazine and ephedrine. After receiving 12 apparently identical drug-placebo treatments, eight normal male students were exposed to a slow rotation room to stressful accelerations generated by their execution of 40 head movements out of the plane of the room's rotation of 1 rpm and at 1-rpm increments until either symptoms were experienced (just short of frank motion sickness) or the 27-rpm ceiling on the test was reached. Efficacy of a drug was defined in terms of the placeborange and categorized as beneficial, inconsequential, or detrimental. The rank order of drugs with beneficial effects was: 1) promethazine 25 mg plus ephedrine 12.5 mg (86%); 2) scopolamine by mouth (75%); 3) scopolamine transdermally (63%); and 4) promethazine 12.5 mg plus ephedrine 25 mg (29%). The only detrimental effect was with scopolamine given orally. It is concluded that the advantages of the transdermal scopolamine, which include minimal side effects and prolonged effectiveness, deserve full exploitation.
一项双盲安慰剂对照研究比较了抗晕动病药物东莨菪碱经口服或经皮给药的疗效。第二个目的是扩展我们涉及同型药物异丙嗪和麻黄碱固定剂量组合的生物测定。在接受12次明显相同的药物 - 安慰剂治疗后，8名正常男学生被置于一个缓慢旋转的房间，通过在与房间旋转平面成一定角度的平面内以1转/分钟的速度进行40次头部运动，并以1转/分钟的增量产生应激加速度，直到出现症状（接近明显晕动病）或达到测试的27转/分钟上限。药物疗效根据安慰剂范围来定义，并分为有益、无关紧要或有害。具有有益效果的药物排名顺序为：1）25毫克异丙嗪加12.5毫克麻黄碱（86%）；2）口服东莨菪碱（75%）；3）经皮东莨菪碱（63%）；4）12.5毫克异丙嗪加25毫克麻黄碱（29%）。唯一有害的效果是口服东莨菪碱。结论是，经皮东莨菪碱的优点，包括副作用最小和疗效持久，值得充分利用。
