Mattler Uwe
Institut für Psychologie, Technisch Universität Braunschweig, Germany.
Q J Exp Psychol A. 2004 Feb;57(2):193-221. doi: 10.1080/02724980343000161.
Studies of combined expectancies have shown that spatial cueing effects are reduced on trials on which participants have to respond with an unexpected motor response. In the first two experiments the range of reduced expectancy effects is examined. Advance knowledge of the likely response was combined in a trial-by-trial procedure with modality cueing, object cueing, and task cueing. Effects of modality cueing were reduced on trials on which the target requested an unexpected response. However, effects of object cueing as well as effects of task cueing were unaffected by response cueing. Comparing experiments revealed that different types of cues were used in different experiments. To test the effect of type of cue on the interaction of expectancies the third experiment combined spatial cueing with response cueing. When integrated cues were used that cued the likely target location by an arrow and the likely response by an arrow too, spatial cueing effects were reduced on trials with unexpected responses. However, spatial cueing effects remained unaffected by response cueing when separated cues were used consisting in a word cueing the response and an arrow cueing target location. An account for the modulation of combined expectancies by the relation between cues is suggested in terms of the adjusted expectancy model.
对联合预期的研究表明，在参与者必须做出意外动作反应的试验中，空间线索效应会减弱。在前两个实验中，研究了预期效应减弱的范围。在逐个试验的程序中，将对可能反应的预先了解与模态线索、物体线索和任务线索相结合。当目标要求做出意外反应时，模态线索的效应会减弱。然而，物体线索效应以及任务线索效应不受反应线索的影响。比较实验发现，不同的实验使用了不同类型的线索。为了测试线索类型对预期相互作用的影响，第三个实验将空间线索与反应线索相结合。当使用通过箭头提示可能的目标位置以及通过箭头提示可能的反应的综合线索时，在有意外反应的试验中，空间线索效应会减弱。然而，当使用由提示反应的单词和提示目标位置的箭头组成的分离线索时，空间线索效应不受反应线索的影响。根据调整后的预期模型，提出了一种关于线索之间关系对联合预期进行调节的解释。
