Bayliss Andrew P, Tipper Steven P
School of Psychology, University of Wales, Bangor, UK.
Br J Psychol. 2005 Feb;96(Pt 1):95-114. doi: 10.1348/000712604X15626.
Observing averted gaze results in a reflexive shift of attention to the gazed-at location. In two experiments, participants scoring high and low on the Autism-Spectrum Quotient questionnaire (AQ; Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Skinner, Martin, & Clubley, 2001) observed arrow and gaze cues to investigate cueing effect magnitude as a function of the context in which peripheral targets could appear. While identical cueing effects were found with gaze and arrow cues, the more striking results concerned target stimuli. In Experiment 1, targets could appear on a peripheral face, or on scrambled face parts. Overall, greater cueing effects were found when the target appeared on a face. However, this face bias was only observed in participants with low AQ scores, whereas high AQ scorers oriented more to scrambled features. Experiment 2 found equal cueing to targets appearing on tools, as compared with tool parts. However, individual differences were again observed, where low AQ scorers showed larger cueing towards tools, while high scorers oriented more to scrambled parts, as in Experiment 1. These results support the idea that low AQ individuals orient strongly to objects attended by others. However, since the same results were found for arrow cues, this effect may generalize to all central cues to attention. High AQ scorers possessing many more autistic-like traits tended to orient more to scrambled shapes, perhaps reflecting a bias for orienting to local details.
观察回避的目光会导致注意力反射性地转移到被注视的位置。在两项实验中，在自闭症谱系商问卷（AQ；Baron-Cohen、Wheelwright、Skinner、Martin和Clubley，2001）得分高和低的参与者观察箭头和目光线索，以研究线索效应大小作为外周目标可能出现的背景的函数。虽然目光和箭头线索产生了相同的线索效应，但更显著的结果与目标刺激有关。在实验1中，目标可能出现在外周面部或打乱的面部部分上。总体而言，当目标出现在面部时，发现了更大的线索效应。然而，这种面部偏向仅在低AQ得分的参与者中观察到，而高AQ得分者更倾向于关注打乱的特征。实验2发现，与工具部件相比，对出现在工具上的目标的线索效应相同。然而，再次观察到个体差异，低AQ得分者对工具表现出更大的线索效应，而高得分者更倾向于关注打乱的部分，与实验1相同。这些结果支持了这样一种观点，即低AQ个体强烈地将注意力导向他人关注的物体。然而，由于箭头线索也发现了相同的结果，这种效应可能推广到所有注意力的中央线索。具有更多自闭症样特征的高AQ得分者倾向于更多地关注打乱的形状，这可能反映了一种关注局部细节的偏向。
