Serbin Lisa A, Karp Jennifer
Center for Research in Human Development, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H4B 1R6.
Annu Rev Psychol. 2004;55:333-63. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.54.101601.145228.
The recurrence of social, behavioral, and health problems in successive generations of families is a prevalent theme in both the scientific and popular literatures. This review discusses recent conceptual models and findings from longitudinal studies concerning the intergenerational transfer of psychosocial risk, including intergenerational continuity, and the processes whereby a generation of parents may place their offspring at elevated risk for social, behavioral, and health problems. Key findings include the mediational effects of parenting and environmental factors in the transfer of risk. In both girls and boys, childhood aggression and antisocial behavior appear to predict long-term trajectories that place offspring at risk. Sequelae of childhood aggression that may threaten the well-being of offspring include school failure, adolescent risk-taking behavior, early and single parenthood, and family poverty. These childhood and adolescent behavioral styles also predict harsh, aggressive, neglectful, and unstimulating parenting behavior toward offspring. Buffering factors within at-risk families include maternal educational attainment and constructive parenting practices (e.g., emotional warmth, consistent disciplinary practices, and cognitive scaffolding). These findings highlight the potential application and relevance of intergenerational studies for social, educational, and health policy.
在家庭的连续几代人中，社会、行为和健康问题的反复出现是科学文献和大众文献中一个普遍的主题。本综述讨论了近期关于心理社会风险代际传递的概念模型和纵向研究结果，包括代际连续性，以及一代父母可能使他们的后代面临更高的社会、行为和健康问题风险的过程。主要研究结果包括养育方式和环境因素在风险传递中的中介作用。在女孩和男孩中，童年期的攻击行为和反社会行为似乎预示着会使后代面临风险的长期轨迹。童年期攻击行为可能威胁后代幸福的后果包括学业失败、青少年冒险行为、早育和单亲家庭以及家庭贫困。这些童年期和青少年期的行为方式也预示着对后代采取严厉、攻击性、忽视性和缺乏激励性的养育行为。处于风险中的家庭的缓冲因素包括母亲的教育程度和建设性的养育方式（例如，情感温暖、一致的纪律措施和认知支持）。这些研究结果凸显了代际研究在社会、教育和卫生政策方面的潜在应用价值和相关性。
