Costa Lucio G, Aschner Michael, Vitalone Annabella, Syversen Tore, Soldin Offie Porat
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA.
Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2004;44:87-110. doi: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.44.101802.121424.
The developing central nervous system (CNS) is more vulnerable to injury than the adult one. Although a great deal of research has been devoted to subtle effects of developmental exposure, such as neurobehavioral changes, this review instead focuses on a number of chemicals that have been shown, in several experimental models as well as humans, to cause morphological changes in the developing nervous system. Chemicals that are discussed include methylmercury (MeHg), lead (Pb), antiepileptic drugs, and ethanol. Additionally, the issue of silent neurotoxicity, i.e., persistent morphological and/or biochemical injury that remains clinically unapparent until later in life, is discussed.
发育中的中枢神经系统(CNS)比成体中枢神经系统更容易受到损伤。尽管大量研究致力于发育暴露的细微影响,如神经行为变化,但本综述转而关注一些化学物质,在多个实验模型以及人类研究中已表明,这些化学物质会导致发育中的神经系统发生形态学变化。所讨论的化学物质包括甲基汞(MeHg)、铅(Pb)、抗癫痫药物和乙醇。此外,还讨论了沉默神经毒性问题,即持续存在的形态学和/或生化损伤,直到生命后期才在临床上显现出来。