Yehuda Rachel, Golier Julia A, Halligan Sarah L, Harvey Philip D
Traumatic Stress Studies Program, Psychiatry Department, Bronx Veterans Affairs, 130 West Kingsbridge Road, Bronx, NY 10468, USA.
Biol Psychiatry. 2004 Feb 1;55(3):291-5. doi: 10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00641-3.
Impairments in explicit memory have been observed in Holocaust survivors with posttraumatic stress disorder.
To evaluate which memory components are preferentially affected, the California Verbal Learning Test was administered to Holocaust survivors with (n = 36) and without (n = 26) posttraumatic stress disorder, and subjects not exposed to the Holocaust (n = 40).
Posttraumatic stress disorder subjects showed impairments in learning and short-term and delayed retention compared to nonexposed subjects; survivors without posttraumatic stress disorder did not. Impairments in learning, but not retention, were retained after controlling for intelligence quotient. Older age was associated with poorer learning and memory performance in the posttraumatic stress disorder group only.
The most robust impairment observed in posttraumatic stress disorder was in verbal learning, which may be a risk factor for or consequence of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. The negative association between performance and age may reflect accelerated cognitive decline in posttraumatic stress disorder.
在患有创伤后应激障碍的大屠杀幸存者中，已观察到外显记忆受损。
为评估哪些记忆成分受到优先影响，对患有创伤后应激障碍（n = 36）和未患创伤后应激障碍（n = 26）的大屠杀幸存者以及未经历过大屠杀的受试者（n = 40）进行了加利福尼亚言语学习测试。
与未经历过大屠杀的受试者相比，患有创伤后应激障碍的受试者在学习、短期和延迟记忆方面表现受损；未患创伤后应激障碍的幸存者则未出现这种情况。在控制智商后，学习方面的受损依然存在，但记忆方面的受损情况不存在了。仅在创伤后应激障碍组中，年龄较大与较差的学习和记忆表现相关。
在创伤后应激障碍中观察到的最显著的受损情况是言语学习方面，这可能是慢性创伤后应激障碍的一个风险因素或后果。表现与年龄之间的负相关可能反映了创伤后应激障碍中认知能力的加速衰退。
