Dupree P, Sherrier D J
University of Cambridge, Department of Biochemistry, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK.
Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998 Aug 14;1404(1-2):259-70. doi: 10.1016/s0167-4889(98)00061-5.
The plant Golgi apparatus has an important role in protein glycosylation and sorting, but is also a major biosynthetic organelle that synthesises large quantities of cell wall polysaccharides. This is reflected in the organisation of the Golgi apparatus as numerous individual stacks of cisternae that are dispersed through the cell. Each stack is polarised: the shape of the cisternae and the staining of the membranes change in a cis to trans direction, and the cisternae on the trans side contain more polysaccharides. Numerous glycosyltransferases are required for the synthesis of the complex cell wall polysaccharides. Microscopy and biochemical fractionation studies suggest that these enzymes are compartmentalised within the stack. Although there is no obvious cis Golgi network, the trans-most cisterna or trans Golgi network often buds clathrin-coated and sometimes smooth dense vesicles as well. Here, vacuolar proteins are sorted from the secreted proteins and polysaccharides. This review highlights unique aspects of the organisation and function of the plant Golgi apparatus. Fundamentally similar processes probably underlie Golgi organisation in all organisms, and consideration of the plant Golgi specialisations can therefore be generally informative, as well as being of central importance to plant cell biology.
植物高尔基体在蛋白质糖基化和分选过程中发挥着重要作用，同时也是合成大量细胞壁多糖的主要生物合成细胞器。这一点在高尔基体的组织形式上有所体现，它由众多分散在细胞中的独立扁平囊堆叠而成。每个堆叠都是极化的：扁平囊的形状以及膜的染色情况从顺面到反面会发生变化，反面的扁平囊含有更多多糖。复杂细胞壁多糖的合成需要多种糖基转移酶。显微镜观察和生化分级分离研究表明，这些酶在堆叠结构中是分区存在的。虽然没有明显的顺面高尔基体网络，但最反面的扁平囊或反面高尔基体网络常常会形成网格蛋白包被的囊泡，有时还会形成光滑的致密囊泡。在这里，液泡蛋白从分泌蛋白和多糖中被分选出来。这篇综述重点介绍了植物高尔基体组织和功能的独特方面。所有生物体中高尔基体的组织形式可能都基于基本相似的过程，因此，研究植物高尔基体的特殊之处不仅对植物细胞生物学至关重要，还能为我们提供普遍的信息。
