Engelberth Juergen, Alborn Hans T, Schmelz Eric A, Tumlinson James H
Center for Medical, Agricultural, and Veterinary Entomology, U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Feb 10;101(6):1781-5. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0308037100. Epub 2004 Jan 28.
Green leafy volatiles (GLV), six-carbon aldehydes, alcohols, and esters commonly emitted by plants in response to mechanical damage or herbivory, induced intact undamaged corn seedlings to rapidly produce jasmonic acid (JA) and emit sesquiterpenes. More importantly, corn seedlings previously exposed to GLV from neighboring plants produced significantly more JA and volatile sesquiterpenes when mechanically damaged and induced with caterpillar regurgitant than seedlings not exposed to GLV. The use of pure synthetic chemicals revealed that (Z)-3-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, and (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate have nearly identical priming activity. Caterpillar-induced nocturnal volatiles, which are enriched in GLV, also exhibited a strong priming effect, inducing production of larger amounts of JA and release of greater quantities of volatile organic compounds after caterpillar regurgitant application. In contrast, GLV priming did not affect JA production induced by mechanical wounding alone. Thus, GLV specifically prime neighboring plants against impending herbivory by enhancing inducible chemical defense responses triggered during attack and may play a key role in plant-plant signaling and plant-insect interactions.
绿叶挥发物（GLV），即植物在遭受机械损伤或食草动物侵害时通常会释放的六碳醛、醇和酯，能诱导未受损的完整玉米幼苗迅速产生茉莉酸（JA）并释放倍半萜。更重要的是，相较于未接触过来自邻近植物的GLV的幼苗，先前接触过GLV的玉米幼苗在受到机械损伤并用毛虫反吐液诱导时，会产生显著更多的JA和挥发性倍半萜。使用纯合成化学物质的研究表明，（Z）-3-己烯醛、（Z）-3-己烯-1-醇和（Z）-3-己烯基乙酸酯具有几乎相同的引发活性。富含GLV的毛虫诱导夜间挥发物也表现出强烈的引发效应，在施用毛虫反吐液后，会诱导产生大量的JA并释放更多的挥发性有机化合物。相比之下，GLV引发不会影响仅由机械损伤诱导的JA产生。因此，GLV通过增强攻击期间触发的诱导性化学防御反应，特异性地使邻近植物对即将到来的食草动物侵害做好准备，并且可能在植物间信号传递和植物-昆虫相互作用中发挥关键作用。
