足球协会医学研究项目：职业足球运动损伤审计——腘绳肌损伤分析
The Football Association Medical Research Programme: an audit of injuries in professional football--analysis of hamstring injuries.
作者信息
Woods C, Hawkins R D, Maltby S, Hulse M, Thomas A, Hodson A
机构信息
The English Institute of Sport.
出版信息
Br J Sports Med. 2004 Feb;38(1):36-41. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2002.002352.
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a detailed analysis of hamstring injuries sustained in English professional football over two competitive seasons.
METHODS
Club medical staff at 91 professional football clubs annotated player injuries over two seasons. A specific injury audit questionnaire was used together with a weekly form that documented each clubs' current injury status.
RESULTS
Completed injury records for the two competitive seasons were obtained from 87% and 76% of the participating clubs respectively. Hamstring strains accounted for 12% of the total injuries over the two seasons with nearly half (53%) involving the biceps femoris. An average of five hamstring strains per club per season was observed. A total of 13 116 days and 2029 matches were missed because of hamstring strains, giving an average of 90 days and 15 matches missed per club per season. In 57% of cases, the injury occurred during running. Hamstring strains were most often observed during matches (62%) with an increase at the end of each half (p<0.01). Groups of players sustaining higher than expected rates of hamstring injury were Premiership (p<0.01) and outfield players (p<0.01), players of black ethnic origin (p<0.05), and players in the older age groups (p<0.01). Only 5% of hamstring strains underwent some form of diagnostic investigation. The reinjury rate for hamstring injury was 12%.
CONCLUSION
Hamstring strains are common in football. In trying to reduce the number of initial and recurrent hamstring strains in football, prevention of initial injury is paramount. If injury does occur, the importance of differential diagnosis followed by the management of all causes of posterior thigh pain is emphasised. Clinical reasoning with treatment based on best available evidence is recommended.
目的
对两个赛季的英格兰职业足球比赛中发生的腘绳肌损伤进行详细分析。
方法
91家职业足球俱乐部的俱乐部医务人员对两个赛季的球员伤病情况进行了记录。使用了一份特定的伤病审计问卷以及一份每周表格，该表格记录了每家俱乐部当前的伤病状况。
结果
分别从87%和76%的参与俱乐部获得了两个赛季完整的伤病记录。在这两个赛季中，腘绳肌拉伤占总伤病的12%，其中近一半（53%）涉及股二头肌。每个俱乐部每个赛季平均观察到5例腘绳肌拉伤。由于腘绳肌拉伤，总共损失了13116天和2029场比赛，平均每家俱乐部每个赛季损失90天和15场比赛。在57%的病例中，损伤发生在跑步过程中。腘绳肌拉伤最常出现在比赛期间（62%），且在下半场结束时有所增加（p<0.01）。腘绳肌损伤发生率高于预期的球员群体包括英超联赛球员（p<0.01）、非守门员球员（p<0.01）、黑人球员（p<0.05）以及年龄较大的球员（p<0.01）。只有5%的腘绳肌拉伤接受了某种形式的诊断检查。腘绳肌损伤的再损伤率为12%。
结论
腘绳肌拉伤在足球运动中很常见。为了减少足球比赛中初次和复发性腘绳肌拉伤的数量，预防初次损伤至关重要。如果确实发生了损伤，强调进行鉴别诊断以及对大腿后部疼痛的所有病因进行处理的重要性。建议基于最佳现有证据进行临床推理并进行治疗。
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