Hawkins R D, Hulse M A, Wilkinson C, Hodson A, Gibson M
The Football Association Medical Education Centre, Lilleshall Hall National Sports Centre, Newport, Shropshire, UK.
Br J Sports Med. 2001 Feb;35(1):43-7. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.35.1.43.
To undertake a prospective epidemiological study of the injuries sustained in English professional football over two competitive seasons.
Player injuries were annotated by club medical staff at 91 professional football clubs. A specific injury audit questionnaire was used together with a weekly form that documented each club's current injury status.
A total of 6,030 injuries were reported over the two seasons with an average of 1.3 injuries per player per season. The mean (SD) number of days absent for each injury was 24.2 (40.2), with 78% of the injuries leading to a minimum of one competitive match being missed. The injury incidence varied throughout the season, with training injuries peaking during July (p<0.05) and match injuries peaking during August (p<0.05). Competition injuries represented 63% of those reported, significantly (p<0.01) more of these injuries occurring towards the end of both halves. Strains (37%) and sprains (19%) were the major injury types, the lower extremity being the site of 87% of the injuries reported. Most injury mechanisms were classified as being non-contact (58%). Re-injuries accounted for 7% of all injuries, 66% of these being classified as either a strain or a sprain. The severity of re-injuries was greater than the initial injury (p<0.01).
Professional football players are exposed to a high risk of injury and there is a need to investigate ways of reducing this risk. Areas that warrant attention include the training programmes implemented by clubs during various stages of the season, the factors contributing to the pattern of injuries during matches with respect to time, and the rehabilitation protocols employed by clubs.
对两个赛季期间英格兰职业足球运动员所受损伤进行前瞻性流行病学研究。
91家职业足球俱乐部的队医对球员损伤情况进行记录。使用一份特定的损伤调查问卷以及一份每周表格，记录每家俱乐部当前的损伤状况。
两个赛季共报告6030例损伤，平均每名球员每个赛季受伤1.3次。每次损伤的平均缺勤天数为24.2天（标准差为40.2天），78%的损伤导致至少错过一场比赛。损伤发生率在整个赛季有所变化，训练损伤在7月达到峰值（p<0.05），比赛损伤在8月达到峰值（p<0.05）。比赛损伤占报告损伤的63%，在下半场接近尾声时发生的此类损伤显著更多（p<0.01）。拉伤（37%）和扭伤（19%）是主要损伤类型，87%的报告损伤发生在下肢。大多数损伤机制被归类为非接触性（58%）。再次损伤占所有损伤的7%，其中66%被归类为拉伤或扭伤。再次损伤的严重程度高于初次损伤（p<0.01）。
职业足球运动员面临较高的受伤风险，有必要研究降低这种风险的方法。值得关注的领域包括俱乐部在赛季不同阶段实施的训练计划、比赛期间损伤发生模式在时间方面的影响因素以及俱乐部采用的康复方案。
