Kasap Ismail
Agricultural Faculty, Department of Plant Protection, Yüzüncü Yil University, 65080 Van, Turkey.
Exp Appl Acarol. 2003;31(1-2):79-91. doi: 10.1023/b:appa.0000005141.45970.f7.
Development duration and reproduction rate of hawthorn spider mite Amphitetranychus viennensis (Zacher) were carried out on five different apple cultivars (Amasya (local cultivar), Golden Delicious, Granny Smith, Starking Delicious and Starkrimson Delicious) at 25 degrees C, 65 +/- 10% RH and 16:8 L:D. In addition, the same parameters were determined on Golden Delicious leaves at three constant temperatures (20, 30 and 35 degrees C, 65 +/- 10% RH and 16:8 L:D) in the laboratory. A. viennensis showed a better performance on Golden Delicious than on the other apple cultivars. This was mainly due to a short development time (10.7 days), high daily egg production (5.2 eggs/female/day) and early reproduction peak. The highest intrinsic rate of natural increase (rm) was determined on the variety Golden Delicious (rm = 0.247/day), while the lowest one was observed on the variety Starking Delicious (rm = 0.215/day). The developmental periods of A. viennensis varied from 7.4 to 18.8 days at 35 and 20 degrees C for females, while it varied from 7.9 to 17.2 days at 30 and 20 degrees C for males. The development threshold of the eggs and pre-adult stages were 9.72 and 9.07 degrees C, total effective temperature was 72.99 and 185.18 degree-days, respectively. The mean generation time (To) of the population ranged from 16.13 days at 30 degrees C to 29.15 days at 20 degrees C. The net reproductive rate (R0) increased from 54.33 female/female at 20 degrees C to 78.34 female/female at 25 degrees C, and decreased to 75.71 female/female at 30 degrees C. The highest intrinsic rate of increase (rm) was reached at 30 C (rm = 0.268/day), the lowest one at 20 degrees C (rm = 0.136/day).
在25摄氏度、相对湿度65±10%、光照周期16:8（光照:黑暗）的条件下，研究了山楂叶螨在五个不同苹果品种（阿玛西亚（当地品种）、金冠、澳洲青苹、斯塔克金冠和新红星）上的发育历期和繁殖率。此外，在实验室中，在三个恒定温度（20、30和35摄氏度，相对湿度65±10%，光照周期16:8）下测定了金冠叶片上的相同参数。山楂叶螨在金冠上的表现优于其他苹果品种。这主要是由于发育时间短（10.7天）、每日产卵量高（5.2粒/雌/天）和繁殖高峰期早。在金冠品种上测定的最高内禀增长率（rm）为0.247/天，而在斯塔克金冠品种上观察到的最低内禀增长率为0.215/天。雌性山楂叶螨在35和20摄氏度下的发育历期为7.4至18.8天，而雄性在30和20摄氏度下的发育历期为7.9至17.2天。卵期和若虫期的发育起点温度分别为9.72和9.07摄氏度，总有效积温分别为72.99和185.18日度。种群的平均世代周期（To）在30摄氏度时为16.13天，在20摄氏度时为29.15天。净增殖率（R0）从20摄氏度时的54.33雌/雌增加到25摄氏度时的78.34雌/雌，并在30摄氏度时降至75.71雌/雌。最高内禀增长率（rm）在30摄氏度时达到（rm = 每0.268天），最低在20摄氏度时（rm = 0.136/天）。
