Vásquez Carlos, Aponte Orlando, Morales José, Sanabria María E, García Grisaly
Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Centroccidental Lisandro Alvarado, Unidad de Investigación de Entomología y Zoología, Cabudare, Estado Lara, Venezuela.
Exp Appl Acarol. 2008 Jun;45(1-2):59-69. doi: 10.1007/s10493-008-9154-x. Epub 2008 May 16.
Life cycle, fecundity and longevity of the avocado brown mite, Oligonychus punicae (Hirst), were studied on six grapevine cultivars (Tucupita, Villanueva, Red Globe, Sirah, Sauvignon and Chenin Blanc), under laboratory conditions at 27 +/- 2 degrees C, 80 +/- 10% RH, and L12:D12 photoperiod. Mite-infested leaves were collected from vineyards, placed in paper bags and taken to the laboratory. A laboratory mite culture was established using the grape cultivar Criolla Negra as host plant. To elucidate potential effects on avocado brown mite parameters, we assessed levels of secondary metabolites, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and polyphenols, of leaves of the six grape cultivars, as well as the thickness of the adaxial cuticle-epidermis. The life cycle of O. punicae differed among cultivars with average values ranging between 8.2 days on Tucupita leaves and 9.1 days on Sirah. Relatively high fecundity was found on Tucupita leaves (2.8 eggs/female/day) during 11.4 oviposition days, while low fecundity values occurred on Sirah and Villanueva leaves, with 0.9 and 1.8 eggs/female/day during 7.9 and 6.7 days, respectively. Average longevity of O. punicae females ranged from 8.1 to 17.5 days on Sirah and Sauvignon leaves, respectively. Intrinsic rate of increase (r (m)) was highest on Sauvignon (0.292) and Tucupita (0.261), and lowest on Sirah (0.146) and Villanueva (0.135). Although significant differences in cuticle-epidermis thickness were detected among the six cultivars, it seemed not to affect mite parameters. Secondary metabolite content also varied between the cultivars. Generally, increasing flavonoid content coincided with decreasing reproductive parameters. The natural plant resistance observed in this study could be useful in the development of an integrated pest management program for mite pests in grape production.
在实验室条件下，温度为27±2摄氏度、相对湿度为80±10%、光周期为L12:D12的环境中，研究了六点黄蜘蛛（Oligonychus punicae (Hirst)）在六个葡萄品种（图库皮塔、比利亚努埃瓦、红地球、西拉、长相思和白诗南）上的生命周期、繁殖力和寿命。从葡萄园收集有螨虫的叶片，放入纸袋中并带回实验室。以黑克里奥拉葡萄品种作为寄主植物建立了实验室螨虫培养体系。为了阐明对六点黄蜘蛛参数的潜在影响，我们评估了六个葡萄品种叶片中生物碱、黄酮类化合物、单宁和多酚等次生代谢物的含量，以及叶片正面角质层-表皮的厚度。六点黄蜘蛛的生命周期在不同品种间存在差异，平均值在图库皮塔叶片上为8.2天，在西拉叶片上为9.1天。在图库皮塔叶片上，在11.4天的产卵期内发现相对较高的繁殖力（2.8粒卵/雌/天），而在西拉和比利亚努埃瓦叶片上繁殖力较低，分别为在7.9天和6.7天内0.9粒卵/雌/天和1.8粒卵/雌/天。六点黄蜘蛛雌螨的平均寿命在西拉叶片上为8.1天，在长相思叶片上为17.5天。内禀增长率（rm）在长相思（0.292）和图库皮塔（0.261）上最高，在西拉（0.146）和比利亚努埃瓦（0.135）上最低。虽然在六个品种间检测到角质层-表皮厚度存在显著差异，但似乎并未影响螨虫参数。次生代谢物含量在不同品种间也有所不同。一般来说，黄酮类化合物含量增加与繁殖参数降低同时出现。本研究中观察到的天然植物抗性可能有助于制定葡萄生产中螨虫害虫的综合虫害管理计划。
