The effect of modified atmospheres on the survival of the eggs of four storage mite species.

The results of a laboratory investigation into the effects of modified atmospheres (MA) on the eggs of mite pests of grain and cheese are presented. Four species of astigmatid mite were tested; Acarus farris (Oudemans). A. siro L., Lepidoglyphus destructor (Schrank) and Tyrophagus longior (Gervais). All are found in many habitats including grain and cheese stores. Three low oxygen (O2) MA mixtures were used, based on carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen (N2) or simulated burner gas (0.5 or 2% O2, 10% CO2, balance N2) plus 60% CO2 in air (8% O2). The mites were exposed at 15 degrees C and 80% r.h., a combination of conditions that occurs at the surface of stored grain during the autumn which promotes mite population growth. The exposure periods required to prevent egg hatch for each species in every mixture are given. Tyrophagus longior was the most tolerant species, followed by A. siro and A. farris, with L. destructor the most susceptible. Burner gas was the most effective mixture overall with 0.5% O2 but with an increase in the O2 level to 2% for all the mixtures, CO2 became the more effective control agent. With 60% CO2 in air some loss of efficacy was observed against the three most tolerant species and even more so for L. destructor. Sublethal exposures to MAs for at least 4 days in L. destructor, 6 days in A. farris and A. siro and 8 days for T. longior caused a delay in egg hatch.