Waldvogel F
Département de médecine interne, Hôpital cantonal universitaire, Genève.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1992 Dec 26;122(51-52):1941-7.
Internal medicine has recently undergone major changes, which have created--among others--4 feelings of alienation among physicians: first, the internist--initially an observer of clinical signs, and later laboratory-assisted--has now become operator-assisted with modern technology in imaging and other technologies assisting him by giving him not the essence, but the interpretation of the gathered information; second, the dialogue between basic biomedical research and the bedside clinician has been interrupted by the creation of a new language in molecular genetics, to which he has no access any more; third, modern biotechnology is rapidly creating an unlimited number of new biological therapeutic modalities, giving the internist too many therapeutic options which he can no longer master. Fourth, the formerly direct, bipolar relationship between patient and physician has been extended to a triangular relationship between patient, physician and an institution (hospital administration, public health authority, health insurance). In order to solve these problems, internal medicine has several options. First, maintaining the dialogue in research across subspecialties by creating a group of full time clinical investigators, with training in basic molecular and cellular biology, who can be the interface between modern molecular genetics and clinical internal medicine; and second, developing new clinical investigators to evaluate our diagnostic and therapeutic strategies with a logical and scientific methodology: patient care analysis, health care research, medical outcome evaluation and quality assessment are all disciplines which will link the various fields of internal medicine into a tight network. To do this, the Swiss Society of Internal Medicine has to modify its structures, to become a scientific and a professional organization, cognizant of the evolution of medicine within the European scene.
近年来,内科医学发生了重大变革,这在医生群体中引发了——包括但不限于——四种疏离感:其一,内科医生最初是临床症状的观察者,后来借助实验室辅助诊断,如今却要在现代技术的协助下进行操作,比如成像技术及其他技术,这些技术虽能为其提供收集到的信息,但并非信息的本质,而是对这些信息的解读;其二,基础生物医学研究与床边临床医生之间的对话被分子遗传学领域新出现的语言所打断,临床医生已无法理解这些语言;其三,现代生物技术正迅速催生无数新的生物治疗方式,给内科医生提供了过多的治疗选择,使其难以全部掌握。其四,以往患者与医生之间直接的二元关系已扩展为患者、医生与机构(医院管理部门、公共卫生当局、医疗保险机构)之间的三角关系。为解决这些问题,内科医学有多种选择。首先,通过组建一批全职临床研究人员来维持跨亚专业的研究对话,这些研究人员需接受基础分子和细胞生物学方面的培训,他们能够成为现代分子遗传学与临床内科医学之间的桥梁;其次,培养新的临床研究人员,运用逻辑和科学的方法评估我们的诊断和治疗策略:患者护理分析、医疗保健研究、医疗结果评估和质量评估等学科,都将把内科医学的各个领域紧密联系成一个网络。要做到这一点,则瑞士内科医学会必须调整其结构,成为一个既了解欧洲医学发展趋势,又兼具科学性和专业性的组织。