Rouder Jeffrey N
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
Psychol Rev. 2004 Jan;111(1):80-93. doi: 10.1037/0033-295X.111.1.80.
Letters and words are better identified when there are fewer available choices. How do readers use choice-set restrictions? By analyzing new experimental data and previously reported data, the author shows that Bayes theorem-based models overestimate readers' use of choice-set restrictions. This result is discordant with choice-similarity models such as R. D. Luce's (1963a) similarity choice model, G. Keren and S. Baggen's (1981) letter recognition model, and D. W. Massaro and G. C. Oden's (1979) fuzzy logical model of perception. Other models posit that choice restrictions affect accuracy only by improving guessing (e.g., J. L. McClelland & D. E. Rumelhart's, 1981, interactive activation model). It is shown that these models underestimate readers' use of choice-set restrictions. Restriction of choice set does improve perception of letters and words, but not optimally. Decision models that may be able to explain this phenomenon are discussed.
当可供选择的选项较少时，字母和单词更容易被识别。读者如何利用选项集限制呢？通过分析新的实验数据和先前报道的数据，作者表明基于贝叶斯定理的模型高估了读者对选项集限制的利用。这一结果与诸如R.D.卢斯（1963a）的相似性选择模型、G.凯伦和S.巴根（1981）的字母识别模型以及D.W.马萨罗和G.C.奥登（1979）的模糊逻辑感知模型等选择相似性模型不一致。其他模型假定选项限制仅通过改善猜测来影响准确性（例如，J.L.麦克莱兰和D.E.鲁梅尔哈特1981年的交互式激活模型）。研究表明，这些模型低估了读者对选项集限制的利用。选项集的限制确实能改善对字母和单词的感知，但并非最优。文中讨论了可能能够解释这一现象的决策模型。
