Huber David E, Shiffrin Richard M, Lyle Keith B, Quach Raushanna
Department of Psychology, University of Colorado at Boulder, 80309-0345, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2002 Nov;28(6):1120-36.
D. E. Huber, R. M. Shiffrin, K. B. Lyle, and K. I. Ruys (2001) tested two-alternative, forced-choice (2-AFC) perceptual identification in a short-term priming task. For repetition priming, passive viewing of primes resulted in a preference to choose repeated words, but actively responding to primes resulted in a preference against choosing repeated words. These results were explained with a computational model, responding optimally with unknown sources of evidence (ROUSE), using the offsetting mechanisms of source confusion and discounting. An analysis of ROUSE revealed conditions under which discounting efficacy should diminish, causing a preference for primed words even with active prime processing. Two new studies confirm 2 such conditions: very short target flash durations and very low similarity between primes and primed choice words. These a priori predictions contrast with the a posteriori data fits of a multinomial model developed by R. Ratcliff and G. McKoon (2001).
D. E. 休伯、R. M. 希夫林、K. B. 莱尔和K. I. 鲁伊斯（2001年）在一项短期启动任务中测试了二选一、强制选择（2-AFC）的知觉识别。对于重复启动，被动观看启动刺激会导致倾向于选择重复的单词，但对启动刺激做出主动反应则会导致倾向于不选择重复的单词。这些结果用一个计算模型进行了解释，即使用源混淆和折扣的抵消机制，对未知证据源进行最优反应（ROUSE）。对ROUSE的分析揭示了折扣效力应该减弱的条件，即使在对启动刺激进行主动处理的情况下，也会导致对启动单词的偏好。两项新的研究证实了2个这样的条件：目标闪光持续时间非常短，以及启动刺激与启动选择单词之间的相似度非常低。这些先验预测与R. 拉特克利夫和G. 麦昆（2001年）开发的多项式模型的后验数据拟合形成对比。
