Stauber William T
Departments of Physiology and Pharmacology, Robert C Byrd Health Sciences Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506-9229, USA.
J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2004 Feb;14(1):61-70. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2003.09.010.
Repetitive motion disorders can involve lengthening of skeletal muscles to perform braking actions to decelerate limbs under load often resulting in muscle strains and injury. Injury is a loss of isometric force (weakness) requiring days to recover. The capacity of skeletal muscle to tolerate repeated strains is dependent on multiple factors including individual variation. The most important factors producing muscle strain injury are the magnitude of the resisting force (peak-stretch force) and the number of strains. Other factors such as muscle length and fiber type contribute to the susceptibility to injury as well, but to a lesser degree. Strain injury can also lead to inflammation and pain. Chronic exposure to repeated strains can result in fibrosis that is not completely reversed after months of rest. Long rest times appear to be the only factor reported to prevent inflammation in rats following repeated strain injury. Further understanding of the mechanism for prevention of histopathologic changes by long rest times should provide a rationale for prevention of negative outcomes.
重复性运动障碍可能涉及骨骼肌拉长以执行制动动作，从而在负荷下使肢体减速，这常常导致肌肉拉伤和损伤。损伤是等长力的丧失（无力），需要数天才能恢复。骨骼肌耐受反复拉伤的能力取决于多个因素，包括个体差异。导致肌肉拉伤损伤的最重要因素是阻力的大小（峰值拉伸力）和拉伤次数。其他因素，如肌肉长度和纤维类型，也会导致易受伤性增加，但程度较小。拉伤损伤还会导致炎症和疼痛。长期反复暴露于拉伤会导致纤维化，即使休息数月也不会完全逆转。长时间休息似乎是唯一被报道可预防大鼠反复拉伤损伤后炎症的因素。进一步了解长时间休息预防组织病理学变化的机制，应为预防负面结果提供理论依据。
