Stankūnas Mindaugas, Lovkyte Liudvika, Padaiga Zilvinas
Department of Social Medicine, Kaunas University of Medicine, Kaunas, Lithuania.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2004;40(1):68-74.
The aim of this survey was to evaluate intentions of Lithuanian physicians and medical residents to work in the European Union (EU) and other countries. The survey was performed in 2002 in the framework of the project "Health human resource development and planning in Lithuania", sponsored by Open Society Fund, Lithuania. Using the questionnaire developed by the Ministry of Labor and Solidarity of France, 242 medical residents and 497 physicians were surveyed. Survey results indicated that 60.7% of medical residents and 26.0% of physicians intended to leave for the EU or other countries. The survey also showed that the first-choice countries were United Kingdom, Germany and the Nordic countries. Almost 15.0% of medical residents and 5.0% of physicians planed to leave for the EU on permanent basis. The largest part of those who intended to leave for the EU, planned to go there after accession. It was a definitive decision of 2.5% of medical residents and 3.8% of physicians. The major reasons for leaving were higher salary, better professional possibilities and better quality of life. For medical residents a previous visit abroad for professional reasons increased the risk of working abroad significantly (OR-3.29, 95% CI 1.73-6.27). In the case of physicians, age was the factor that significantly decreased the risk (OR-0.94, 95% CI 0.91-0.96); however having friends abroad increased the risk by more than three times (OR-3.22, 95% CI 1.91-5.42). In order to observe the possible migration to the EU or other countries, the survey should be repeated every three-four years.
本次调查旨在评估立陶宛医生和医学实习生前往欧盟（EU）及其他国家工作的意向。该调查于2002年在立陶宛开放社会基金赞助的“立陶宛卫生人力资源开发与规划”项目框架内开展。采用法国劳动与团结部编制的问卷，对242名医学实习生和497名医生进行了调查。调查结果显示，60.7%的医学实习生和26.0%的医生打算前往欧盟或其他国家。调查还表明，首选国家为英国、德国和北欧国家。近15.0%的医学实习生和5.0%的医生计划永久前往欧盟。打算前往欧盟的人中，大部分计划在立陶宛加入欧盟后前往。2.5%的医学实习生和3.8%的医生做出了最终决定。离开的主要原因是薪资更高、职业机会更好以及生活质量更高。对于医学实习生而言，此前因专业原因出国访问显著增加了其在国外工作的风险（比值比-3.29，95%置信区间1.73-6.27）。对于医生来说，年龄是显著降低风险的因素（比值比-0.94，95%置信区间0.91-0.96）；然而，在国外有朋友会使风险增加三倍多（比值比-3.22，95%置信区间1.91-5.42）。为了观察可能出现的向欧盟或其他国家的移民情况，应每三到四年重复进行一次该调查。
