Malm Christer, Sjödin The Late Bertil, Sjöberg Berit, Lenkei Rodica, Renström Per, Lundberg Ingrid E, Ekblom Björn
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
J Physiol. 2004 May 1;556(Pt 3):983-1000. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.056598. Epub 2004 Feb 6.
Muscular adaptation to physical exercise has previously been described as a repair process following tissue damage. Recently, evidence has been published to question this hypothesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate inflammatory processes in human skeletal muscle and epimysium after acute physical exercise with large eccentric components. Three groups of subjects (n= 19) performed 45 min treadmill running at either 4 deg (n= 5) or 8 deg (n= 9) downhill or 4 deg uphill (n= 5) and one group served as control (n= 9). One biopsy was taken from each subject 48 h post exercise. Blood samples were taken up to 7 days post exercise. Compared to the control group, none of the markers of inflammation in muscle and epimysium samples was different in any exercised group. Only subjects in the Downhill groups experienced delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS) and increased serum creatine kinase activity (CK). The detected levels of immunohistochemical markers for T cells (CD3), granulocytes (CD11b), leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1beta (HIF-1beta) were greater in epimysium from exercised subjects with DOMS ratings >3 (0-10 scale) compared to exercised subjects without DOMS but not higher than controls. Eccentric physical exercise (downhill running) did not result in skeletal muscle inflammation 48 h post exercise, despite DOMS and increased CK. It is suggested that exercise can induce DOMS by activating inflammatory factors present in the epimysium before exercise. Repeated physical training may alter the content of inflammatory factors in the epimysium and thus reduce DOMS.
肌肉对体育锻炼的适应以前被描述为组织损伤后的修复过程。最近，有证据对这一假设提出了质疑。本研究的目的是调查具有大量离心成分的急性体育锻炼后人类骨骼肌和肌外膜中的炎症过程。三组受试者（n = 19）分别在4度（n = 5）或8度（n = 9）下坡或4度上坡（n = 5）的条件下进行45分钟的跑步机跑步，一组作为对照组（n = 9）。运动后48小时从每个受试者身上采集一次活检样本。运动后长达7天采集血样。与对照组相比，任何运动组的肌肉和肌外膜样本中的炎症标志物均无差异。只有下坡组的受试者经历了延迟性肌肉酸痛（DOMS）并出现血清肌酸激酶活性（CK）升高。与没有DOMS的运动受试者相比，DOMS评分>3（0 - 10分制）的运动受试者的肌外膜中检测到的T细胞（CD3）、粒细胞（CD11b）、白血病抑制因子（LIF）和缺氧诱导因子1β（HIF - 1β）免疫组化标志物水平更高，但不高于对照组。离心体育锻炼（下坡跑）在运动后48小时并未导致骨骼肌炎症，尽管出现了DOMS和CK升高。提示运动可通过激活运动前肌外膜中存在的炎症因子来诱发DOMS。重复体育训练可能会改变肌外膜中炎症因子的含量，从而减轻DOMS。
