Müller Hermann, Sternad Dagmar
University of the Saarland, Institute for Sport Science, Saarbrucken, Germany.
J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform. 2004 Feb;30(1):212-33. doi: 10.1037/0096-1523.30.1.212.
A central ability of the motor system is to achieve goals with great reliability, although never with zero variability. It is argued that variability is reduced with practice by 3 separate means: reduction of stochastic noise (N), exploitation of task tolerance (T), and covariation (C) between central variables. A method is presented that decomposes variability into these components in relation to task space that is defined by the execution variables. Successful variable combinations form the solution manifold. In a virtual skittles task, it is demonstrated that participants' improvement over repetitions, indicated by increasing accuracy, is accounted for by N, T, and, to a lesser degree, C. The relative contribution of these components changes over the course of practice and task variations.
运动系统的核心能力是高度可靠地实现目标，尽管永远不会零变异性。有人认为，通过三种不同的方式，练习可减少变异性：减少随机噪声（N）、利用任务容限（T）以及中心变量之间的协变（C）。本文提出了一种方法，该方法将变异性相对于由执行变量定义的任务空间分解为这些组成部分。成功的变量组合形成了解决方案流形。在虚拟九柱戏任务中，结果表明，参与者通过重复练习而提高的表现（以准确性提高为指标）可由N、T以及程度较小的C来解释。这些组成部分的相对贡献在练习过程和任务变化中会发生改变。
